Abstract In order to clarify the genetic model and the mode of gene action of main traits of plant architecture and estimate the genetic effects and genetic force of the main gene, the plant architecture traits, internode length, lateral branch length, main-stem diameter and leaf area, were analyzed with with P1, P2, F1 and F2 populations from melon (Cucumis melo L.) using the joint segregation analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The F1 and F2 populations were derived from parents with the muskmelon material RE-19 (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin) and Hami melon material AM-5 (Cucumis melo var. ameri Pangalo). The results showed that the internode length and the lateral branch length fitted two additive-dominance major genes plus additive-dominance polygene mode (E-2), the main-stem diameter fitted two additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominance polygene mode(E-1), and the leaf area fitted additive-dominance polygene mode (C-0). The heritability of major genes for the internode length, lateral branch length and main-stem diameter were 75.03%, 54.86% and 42.83%, respectively and the heritability of polygenes for the internode length, lateral branch length and main-stem diameter were 2.68%, 6.41%, 2.1% and 55.47%, respectively. Genetic variances of internode length, lateral branch length, main-stem diameter length and leaf area accounted for 77.68%, 61.06%, 50.25% and 55.47%, respectively of the phenotypic variance, which suggested that the 4 traits of plant architecture of melon were controlled by the genetic factors. The heritability of major gene for the internode length and the branch length was higher, while the heritability of major gene for the main-stem diameter was lower. The leaf area was controlled by polygenes, and no major gene. Therefore, it would be more efficient to conduct selection for the internode length and the lateral branches length in early generation in melon plant type breeding, and the selection for the main- stem diameter and leaf area should be selected in high generation. The results provide the theory reference for the improvement of melon plant type breeding.
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