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| Differential Expression of PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF in the Lung of Yak (Bos grunniens) at Different Age |
| ZHANG Yi-Yang1,2,3, CHEN Shu-Wu1,2,3, LI Si-Jia1, LI Rui1,2,3, ZHOU Man-Lin1,2,3, YANG Kun1,2,3,*, ZHANG Lan1, YAO Yi-Fan1,2,3, ZHANG Qian4, QIAO Zi-Lin1,2,3 |
1 Life Science and Engineering College, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
2 Gansu Tech Innovation Center of Animal Cell, Lanzhou 730030, China;
3 Biomedical Research Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
4 College of Veterinary Medicine, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China |
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Abstract Pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 1 (PDK1) could be induced by hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and participated in the regulation of glycolysis. The expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) which is the target gene of HIF-1α up-regulated by PDK1. Furthermore, the PDK1 could promote the remodeling of lung structure. To reveal the expression and distribution characteristics of PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF in the lungs of yaks (Bos grunniens) at different ages, and to explore their possible regulatory role in the adaptation of yak lungs to the hypoxia environment of the plateau, in this study, the lung tissues of healthy yaks aged newborn, 6-month-old, 3-year-old, and 6-year-old were collected. Hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining, immunohistochemical staining, optical density analysis, qRT-PCR and Western blot were used to investigate the distribution and expression of PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF in lung tissues of yaks in different age groups. The results of HE staining showed that the smooth muscle of the terminal bronchiole wall was thickened with age. The immunohistochemical and densitometric analysis results showed that PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF were mainly distributed in the single-layer ciliated columnar epithelium of terminal bronchioles and their branches, as well as in the associated arteries and alveolar walls of yaks in different ages. Moreover, qRT-PCR results showed that the relative expressions levels of PDK1 and HIF-1α were the highest in the 6-year-old group, followed by the 3-year-old group. And there was no significant difference in the relative expression of VEGF among the 4 age groups. Additionally, the Western blot results showed that the expression of PDK1 protein in the 6-year-old group was significantly lower than that in newborn, 6-month-old and 3-year-old groups. The expression of HIF-1α and VEGF protein in the 6-year-old group was significantly higher than that in the newborn, 6-month-old and 3-year-old groups. Consequently, the protein expression of PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF were negatively correlated with age. Expression of PDK1 increased and then decreased with age, while HIF-1α and VEGF showed an increasing trend. It was speculated that PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF proteins could regulate glucose metabolism and vascular remodeling processes in the lung under hypoxia. In conclusion, PDK1, HIF-1α and VEGF might play an important role in the development of yaks lung and participate in the regulation of yaks adaptation to plateau hypoxia environment. This study provides basic data for comparative study of the adaptation mechanism in yaks of different ages to high altitude hypoxia.
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Received: 11 May 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
* 186152592@xbmu.edu.cn
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