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| Identification and Verification of Somatic Embryogenesis mRNA and miRNA qPCR Reference Genes in Garlic (Allium sativum) |
| LI Meng-Qian, LIU Min, ZHANG Meng, BAI Yun-He, LI Ping, WEI Han-Yu, ZHOU Rong, JIANG Fang-Ling, WU Zhen* |
| Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China |
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Abstract Garlic (Allium sativum) is an important vegetable crop for asexual reproduction, and the molecular mechanism research of somatic embryogenesis is still relatively weak. Selection of the stable reference genes will help clarify the differential expression of genes and miRNAs in somatic cell formation, help lay the foundation for the research to reveal the mechanism of garlic somatic embryogenesis. To select the most stable reference genes for mRNA and miRNA qPCR detection system during garlic somatic embryogenesis, this study chose 7 mRNA candidate reference genes, including the actin (AsACTIN), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (AsGAPDH), 18S ribosomal RNA (As18S rRNA), polyubiquitinase (AsUBQ), α-tubulin (AsTUA), transcription factors LATE ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL (AsLHY) and Brassinosteroid resistant 1 (AsBES1). 5 miRNA candidate reference genes, including AsU6snRNA, As5.8S rRNA, AsmiR159a-1, AsmiR168a and AsmiR168a-5p. qPCR technology was used to detect their Ct value at different stages of somatic embryo development in different genotypes, explants, and 2,4-D concentrations. Delta CT, BestKeeper, NormFinder, and GeNorm were applied to analyze the expression stability of candidate reference genes. The results were combined with RefFinder to evaluate the expression stability of candidate reference genes comprehensively. The results showed that for mRNA qPCR expression analysis, AsACTIN was the most suitable reference gene for different genotypes. AsBES1 was the most stable reference gene under different explants and different 2,4-D concentrations. The most stable reference gene in all samples was AsBES1. For miRNA, the most stable reference gene in different genotypes was AsmiR159a-1, AsmiR168a-5p was the most stable reference gene in different explants, and As5.8S rRNA was the most stable reference gene under different 2,4-D concentration treatments. The ideal reference gene in all samples was AsU6 snRNA. Using the 7 mRNA candidate reference genes and 5 miRNA candidate reference genes, plant hormone related transcription factors myelocytomatosis protein 2 (AsMYC2) and AsmiR167 were analyzed by qPCR, which were differentially expressed during garlic somatic embryogenesis. The results showed that AsBES1 and AsmiR168a-5p, which were the most stable reference gene during garlic somatic embryogenesis of different explants, were used as reference gene, the expression trends of AsMYC2 and AsmiR167d-1 were consistent with the sequencing data. When other genes (miRNA) were used as controls, the gene expression trends (miRNA) differed, further confirming the reliability of reference genes. This study provides supports for accurately detecting genes and miRNAs during garlic somatic embryogenesis, it is helpful to further study the mechanism of somatic embryogenesis in garlic.
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Received: 02 April 2021
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Corresponding Authors:
*wzh@njau.edu.cn
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