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| Expression and Evolutionary Analysis of GTP Cyclohydrolase 1 Gene (Gch1) in Red-white Koi Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) |
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Abstract The pteridine pathway regulates the synthesis of yellow to reddish pteridine pigments in zebrafish (Danio rerio). GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (Gch1) is found as the rate-limiting enzyme of this pathway. Koi carp (Cyprinus carpio var. koi) is one of the most widespread cultured ornamental fish with various color patterns. In order to study the function, conservation and expression pattern of Gch1 in different colors of Koi carp, the present study amplified the full-length Gch1 cDNA (GenBank No. KP056544) based on the assembled transcriptome of common carp (Cyprinus carpio). The protein consistsed of 251 amino acids with a conserved GTP-cyclohydrolaseⅠdomain. Gene Ontology annotation indicated that Gch1 was involved in the hydrolase activity, nitrogen compound metabolic process and amino acid metabolic process. Homolog search found it's high conservation across vertebrates. Adaptive evolution analysis revealed that the ratio of the number of non-synonymous substitutions per non-synonymous site (Ka) to the number of synonymous substitutions per synonymous site (Ks) of Gch1 between Koi carp and zebrafish was only 0.06, indicating that it was under negative selection. These results indicated that Gch1 participated in the pteridine pathway in Koi carp. Differential expression analysis revealed significantly higher level (P＜0.05) of Gch1 in red skin than in white skin, indicating that the high expression of Gch1 maight turn the skin color to red. This study revealed the different expression of Gch1 between red and white skin in Koi carp and found the conservation of Gch1 across vertebrates, which may be helpful to the study of pigmentation mechanism in other fish.
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Received: 01 December 2014
Published: 13 May 2015
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