Abstract The small cysteine-rich proteins (SCRs) are one class of proteins secreted by fungi, which are usually less than 200 amino acids in length containing 2%~20% cysteine residues. Some members are avirulence proteins of plant pathogenic fungi, indicating that these effector proteins may play an important role in the life cycles of fungi. Molecular structure, subcellular localization and biological functions of SCRs in fungi were reviewed in this paper. Especially, the biological functions of these proteins were elucidated by focusing on their involvement in the pathogenesis of the pathogenic fungi and their influence on the growth and development of the fungi. This review provides a summary for illuminating the biological functions of SCRs, particularly lays a foundation for further elucidating the roles of these effector proteins in the interactions between fungi and their hosts, and for the management of plant fungal diseases.
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