Study on Improving the Quality of Distiller's Grains Feed by Steam Explosion Combined with Various Microorganisms
FAN En-Di1, FENG Min-Xue1, LI Chen-Yao1, WU De-Guang3, CHEN Ye-Fu1, XIAO Dong-Guang1, GUO Xue-Wu1,2,*
1 Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education/Tianjin Industrial Microbiology Key Laboratory/College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Wuliangye-Flavor Liquor Solid-State Fermentation, China National Light Industry, Yibin 644000, China; 3 Department of Brewing Engineering, Moutai Institute, Renhuai 564500, China
Abstract：The yield of distiller's grains is huge, but it is not suitable for storage due to its high acidity and high-water content. Besides, the high proportion of rice husk in distiller's grains makes the fiber content of distiller's grains higher, which increases the difficulty of the utilization of distiller's grains. The resource utilization of distiller's grains is wide, for example, protein feed, fertilizer, chemical products and so on. The distiller's grains feed is the most common, such as silage feed, fly maggot feed, microbial fermentation feed, etc, and microbial fermentation feed is the research hotspot. However, most of distiller's grain feed has a single function, only pursuing high protein content, and other nutrients mainly rely on external addition. This increases the cost of distiller's grains feed, making it difficult to promote, and most of them can only stay at the laboratory level. In this study, the preparation of multifunctional microbial fermentation feed from distiller's grains by steam explosion pretreatment technology combined with microorganisms including Candida utilis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Bacillus subtilis, Lactobacillus, and Molds was studied. The distiller's grains treated under different steam explosion conditions were detected and analyzed. The results showed that the steam explosion pretreatment could effectively degrade the hemicellulose and lignin in the distiller's grains, which was beneficial to the reuse of the distiller's grains. The 1.7 MPa pressure treatment for 15 minutes was most conducive to the degradation of hemicellulose and lignin. Compared with untreated distiller's grains, the lignin and hemicellulose contents of distiller's grains treated by the optimum steam explosion conditions decreased by 14.65% and 51.72%, respectively, and the content of reducing sugar increased by 8.66 times. Then according to the ability of producing short chain organic acids and bacteriostasis, the feeding lactic acid bacteria were determined by using 3 strains of lactic acid bacteria combined with S. cerevisiae, C. utilis, B. subtilis and Trichoderma koningii to ferment, respectively. Finally, the optimal combination of S. cerevisiae, C. utilis, L. plantarum, B. subtilis, T. koningii, Aspergillus niger H7, A. niger H1496 and Myceliophthora thermophila was selected from different fermentation combinations of four kinds of molds, with the content of crude protein, crude fiber, nicotinic acid and acetoin as indexes. Compared with the distiller's grains pretreated under the optimized conditions of steam explosion, the content of crude protein and acetone increased by 22.55% and 76.38%, respectively, the content of crude fiber decreased by 17.85%, and the content of niacin reached 0.31 mg/g dry distiller's grains. In addition, there was also an appropriate amount of short chain organic acids, which had a pleasant sour fragrance. The results revealed that the study of multi-functional distiller's grains could not only make up for the lack of protein feed, but also solve the problem of distiller's grains with single function and high cellulose ratio. Therefore, functional distiller's grains feed will become the main research direction of distiller's grains feed in the future, which will help to realize the rational utilization of resources, alleviate the current situation of human and animal food competition, and promote the green development of traditional industries such as Baijiu industry.
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