Abstract：In order to study the regulatory mechanism of microRNA(miRNA) in Turpan black sheep(Ovis aries) estrous cycle and cultivate sheep with high fecundity, three sheep were selected for collecting ovaries during follicular and luteal phase with surgery in this study. The miRNA data were obtained with high throughout sequencing technique and analyzed with bioinformatic method. The expression profile and the differential expression of miRNAs of Turpan black sheep ovaries in luteal and follicular phase were constructed and investigated. The target genes of differentially expressed miRNAs in two phases were screened for Gene Ontology(GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia Of Genes And Genomes (KEGG). Three differential miRNAs were randomly selected for validation of expression level by the real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR). The results showed that 139 known miRNAs were expressed in luteal and follicular ovaries of Turpan black sheep, including 126 common miRNAs in two phases, 3 miRNAs specific for luteal phase and 10 miRNAs specific for follicular phase. There were 19 miRNAs with significantly differential expression between two phages. The GO and KEGG results indicated that these miRNAs were enriched in five pathways: Antigen processing and presentation, Protein processing in endoplasmicreticulum, Proteasome, Lysosome and Leishmaniasis. The qRT-PCR results illustrated that the expression levels of the three differentially expressed miRNAs were consistent with the sequencing results. The expression profile and the differential expression of miRNAs of Turpan black sheep ovaries in luteal and follicular phase and the related signal pathways of the predicted target genes were obtained in this study, which provides a data basis for further function study of miRNA. The differentially expressed miRNAs may regulate the reproductive activities of Turpan black sheep through multiple pathways related with immunity and protein processing from result of GO and KEGG analysis.
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