Comparison of Main Physiological Characteristics, Chloroplast Morphology and Ultra-structure of the Yellow-green Wheat (Triticum aestivum) Near-isogenic Lines
Abstract：Exploring genetic mechanism of chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development have important implication for high photosynthetic efficiency breeding in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In order to study the main physiological characterization, morphology and ultra-structure of chloroplast in a yellow-green leaf color mutant of common wheat, three near-isogenic lines (NILs) (a xantha line 1-20YY, a yellow-green line 1-20YG and a green line 1-20GG) which were derived from this yellow-green mutant were used by examination of the soluble substances content, a series of antioxidant enzymes activity, and morphology and ultra-structure of chloroplast. The results showed that the change of the leaf color had more influence on the content of soluble sugar and protein than that on the soluble proline. The content of soluble sugar and protein in the xantha line 1-20YY were significantly lower than in the green line 1-20GG and the yellow-green line 1-20YG except seedling stage (P＜0.05). And the content of soluble sugar and protein in the yellow-green line 1-20YG was no difference compared with the green line 1-20GG at all stages. Meanwhile, the yellowing of leaves also effected on activity of antioxidant enzymes. The influence on the activity of peroxidase (POD) was higher than that on the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and hydrogen peroxidase (CAT). So this yellowing of leaves had serious influences to the content of soluble sugar and the activity of POD. From the chloroplast morphology, it could be found that the chloroplast shape of the xantha line 1-20YY was wad irregular and had a trend to the center of mesophyll cell. The chloroplast shape of the green line 1-20GG was nearly ellipse and the shape of chloroplast in 1-20YG line was almost spherical. The results of chloroplast ultra-structure with transmission electron microscopy revealed that the stroma thylakoids and grana thylakoids of the 1-20YY line were underdeveloped and their connection of each other were not tighter than that of 1-20YG line and 1-20GG line. There were no difference of the chloroplast ultra-structure between 1-20YG line and 1-20GG line. All these results provide a foundation for in-depth characterization of the formation mechanisms of the yellow-green leaf color mutant of wheat.
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