Effects of Litter Extracts from Moso Bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) and Broadleaved Forests on Soil Microbes and Nitrogen Mineralization
WANG Lan-Ge1, ZHANG Qian-Qian1, ZHAO Ming-Shui2, MIAO Dan-Ni1, LI Yong-Fu1, TENG Qiu-Mei1, LI Yong-Chun1*
1 College of Environmental and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University/Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Carbon Cycle in Forest Ecosystems and Carbon Sequestration/State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Hangzhou 311300, China; 2 Zhejiang Tianmu Mountain National Nature Reserve Administration, Hangzhou 311312, China
Abstract：Soil nutrient cycling and plant growth are significantly affected by rainfall leaching in different forest stands in subtropical regions. This study aimed to investigate how the litter under Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) invasion into broadleaved forest affected the soil nitrogen mineralization through the release of water-soluble carbon and nitrogen from litter. The incubation experiment in broadleaved forest soil for 42 d was conducted by adding different concentrations of the litter extracts from invaded Moso bamboo and uninvaded broadleaved forests. This study investigated the effects of litter extracts from invasive and non- invasive forests on the soil net nitrogen mineralization (ammonification rate, nitrification rate, and nitrogen mineralization rate), hydrolase enzyme (β -glucosidase enzyme, β -1, 4-N-acetylglucosidase, and leucine aminopeptidase) activities, and the abundance of bacteria and fungi, and soil pH. The results showed that the net ammonification rate (9.2%~52.3%), net nitrification rate (8.4%~138.9%), net nitrogen mineralization rate (8.7%~37.9%) were significantly increased by adding the litter extract of Moso bamboo forest compared with the control (P<0.05). The net ammonification rate (6.1%~92.1%), net nitrification rate (13.8%~279.7%), and net mineralization rate (15.1%~65.4%) were significantly decreased by adding a litter-eluting extract of the broadleaved forest (P<0.05). The addition of the litter extracts from Moso bamboo were significantly decreased soil pH (P<0.05), but significantly increased the fungal-to-bacterial ratio (P<0.05), and significantly promoted the enzyme activities related to nitrogen mineralizations, e. g. β -1, 4-N- acetaminoglycosidase and leucine aminopeptidase (P<0.05). The correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen mineralization rate was affected by the soil pH, β -glucosidase, β -1, 4-N-acetylglucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, C/N ratio of litter extracts and soil fungal-to-bacterial ratio. Thus, the litter extracts from invasive plant bamboo significantly increased the soil nitrogen mineralization rate, which will result in a conducive environment for bamboo growth and assured the availability of soil nutrients to promote its invasion into the native broadleaved forest. This study provides an important theoretical basis for understanding the plant-soil interaction during bamboo invasion into natural forest.
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