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2025年4月5日 星期六
  2017, Vol. 25 Issue (11): 1740-1755    
  研究论文与报告 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
我国葡萄灰霉病菌形态型和致病力分化
张艳杰1,许换平1,沈凤英2,李兴红3,李亚宁4,刘大群5
1. 河北农业大学
2.
3. 北京农林科学院植环所
4. 河北农业大学植物保护学院
5. 河北农业大学植物保护学院/河北省农作物植物病虫害生物防治工程技术研究中心
Phenotypes and Virulence Variability Among Grape Gray Mold Isolates from Grapes (Vitis vinifera) in China
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摘要 我国葡萄(Vitis vinifera)种植范围广,葡萄灰霉病(grape gray mold)是危害葡萄生产的重要病害之一,其病原为灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea),为了解我国不同葡萄种植气候区灰葡萄孢葡萄分离物的形态型变异和致病力分化情况,本研究对采集自不同葡萄种植气候区的143个灰葡萄孢菌株进行了形态型观察和生长速率测定,并采用菌丝块创伤接种法测定其对红地球(V. vinifera cv. 'Redglobe')、马奶葡萄(V. vinifera cv. 'Mare Nipple')和油菜(Brassica campestris)叶片的致病力。结果显示,供试菌株的形态型可以分为菌丝型和菌核型两类,其中40.56%为菌丝型,59.44%为菌核型,在菌丝型中有M1、M2、M3、M4、M5和M6等6个亚型,以M6亚型菌株最多,在菌核型中有S1、S2、S3、S4和S6等5个亚型,以S3亚型菌株最多;143个菌株的生长速率变化范围较大,从4.76mm/d到12.91 mm/d,聚类分析可以分为3个等级;所有菌对红地球和马奶均具有致病性,但是致病力分化严重,病斑面积分别在46.03~258.55 mm2和14.80~385.34 mm2之间,聚类分析都可以分为4个等级;65个菌株中有62个灰葡萄孢菌株对油菜叶片具有致病性,致病半径在2.88~16.63 mm之间。菌株形态型、致病力与采集地、气候区、寄主来源的相关性分析表明,二者与采集地地理距离、寄主葡萄种类不具有明显相关性,但是与气候区来源具有一定相关性。菌株形态型、生长速率和致病力之间的相关性分析表明,灰葡萄孢对红地球、马奶和油菜的致病力两两之间具有较弱的正相关关系,菌株生长速率与对红地球的致病力具有不显著的弱负相关关系,与对马奶和油菜的致病力具有较显著的弱正相关关系,而灰葡萄孢生长速率和致病力与菌株形态型无明显相关性。本研究为进一步对灰葡萄孢新的形态型进行分子系统学分析,对灰葡萄孢致病力分化机理的研究提供了理论依据,为灰葡萄孢多样性研究和有效防控提供依据。
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张艳杰
许换平
沈凤英
李兴红
李亚宁
刘大群
关键词 葡萄,灰葡萄孢,形态型,生长速率,致病力    
Abstract:Grapevines (Vitis vinifera) are widely planted in China. Grape gray mold caused by Botrytis cinerea, is one of the most common diseases threating grape production. The aim of this work is to estimate the phenotypes and virulence variability of B. cinerea isolates from grapes of different viticulture climate zones in China. In this study, characters of 143 B. cinerea isolates, containing phenotype, growth rate and virulences to Red globe grape (V. vinifera cv. 'Redglobe'), Mare nipple grape (V. vinifera cv. 'Mare Nipple') and rape (Brassica campestris) leaves, were tested by applying wound inoculation with mycelial blocks. The results showed that there were two phenotypes, mycelial type and sclerotial type, accounting for 40.56% and 59.44% respectively. Six sub-mycelial-types containing M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, and M6, were found, and the number of M6 type isolates was more than that of other sub-mycelial-types. There were 5 sub-sclerotial-types containing S1, S2, S3, S4, and S6, and the number of S3 type isolates was more than that of other sub-sclerotial-types. The growth rate variation of 143 isolates was very high and ranged from 4.76 mm/d to 12.91 mm/d, and 3 levels were found by clustering analysis. All 143 isolates could successfully infect red globe grape and mare nipple grape, while virulence differentiation was very serious. The sizes of lesion area were 46.03~258.55 mm2 and 14.80~385.34 mm2 respectively, which were divided into 4 levels by clustering analysis. 62 of 65 isolates could successfully infect rape leaves, and the radius of the lesions was between 2.88 mm and 16.63 mm. The correlation analysis between test data containing phenotype and virulence, and isolates' information containing collection regions, viticulture climate zones and grape hosts was performed. The results indicated that there was no significantly correlation between the two indexes and geographical distance and host grapes, while there was a certain correlation between phenotype and viticulture climate zone. The virulence also had some correlation with viticulture climate zone. The correlational analysis among phenotype, growth rate, and virulence were performed. The results showed that there was the slightly positive correlation among isolates' virulences to red globe grape, mare nipple grape and rape. While no significant negative correlation between growth rate and virulence to Red globe grape, and significant positive correlation between growth rate and virulence to Mare nipple grape and rape were found. In addition, phenotype was not obviously related to growth rate and virulence. This study lays the foundation for analysis of molecular phylogeny to the new phenotype and researching the mechanism of virulence differentiation. The results of this study also provide some helpful basis for studying B. cinerea diversity and controlling B. cinerea effectively.
Key wordsGrape, Botrytis cinerea, phenotype, growth rate, virulence
收稿日期: 2017-02-22      出版日期: 2017-11-01
基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目;河北省现代农业产业技术体系创新团队建设专项
通讯作者: 李亚宁     E-mail: yaning22@163.com
引用本文:   
张艳杰 许换平 沈凤英 李兴红 李亚宁 刘大群. 我国葡萄灰霉病菌形态型和致病力分化[J]. , 2017, 25(11): 1740-1755.
链接本文:  
http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/     或     http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2017/V25/I11/1740
 
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