Abstract：Spinosad, produced by Saccharopolyspora spinosa, is a novel natural macrolide antibiotic with the properties of both safety of biopesticide and the efficiency of chemical pesticide. With an unique mechanism of action, spinosad has a weak toxicity towards mammalian, natural enemies of insects and environment. Thus, it has obtained permission and wildly used as a new biopesticide in different fields, such as pesticide, veterinary drug, sanitary field, etc. At present, the research of spinosad in our country is still in the laboratory scale due to its low yield. Industrial production of spinosad still has not been implemented for the lack of breeding of high-yield strains of spinosad. The mutation breeding systems and rational screening of Saccharopolyspora spinosa for high-yield spinosad were summarized in this paper. The common mutation types, including ultraviolet mutagenesis, ion beam implantation, γ ratial and atmospheric and room temperature plasma, have the features of high safety for the operators and environment, easy operation, rapid mutation capability, high mutation rate and genetic stability of targeted mutants. The optimization of the media, including seed and fermentation medium were reviewed. The effects of breeding temperature, dissolved oxygen, inoculum level, seeding age, medium volume, the initial pH and various precursors on the spinosad fermentation were also studied in the shaking flasks. Several precursors, such as short-chain alcohols, amino acids and methylating agents, could enhance biosynthesis of spinosad. The biosynthesis, separation and detection methods for this kind of compounds were also summarized. It is helpful for encouraging the industrial production of spinosad to develop high performance and accurate analysis methods. The domestic and foreign research status was analyzed from 4 aspects. Meanwhile, the trends in the development of spinosad were also discussed.
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