Abstract：DNA barcoding technique, taking a standardized DNA region as a tag, has been proved to be a new accurate approach in species identification and phylogenetic analysis of creatures. As the largest family of Eulamellibranchia, Unionidae plays a key role in freshwater ecosystems. We sequenced partial fragments of 2 mitochondrial genes (cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 (ND1)) in 19 species from China, and analyzed their relationships together with the published data of 10 American unionids from NCBI. The research based on the amplification and sequencing of 2 mitochondrial genes CO1 and ND1 in 19 species of mussels from China, and combined with the sequence information of 10 American unionids in the NCBI database. By using DNA barcoding technology, the research analyzed intraspecific distances and interspecific distances for unionid species, and phylogenetic tree of these species was also constructed. For most of the species, the relationship between species based on the genetic distance were consistent with that by traditional taxonomies according to morphological characteristics. However, as for Solenaia, 2 species (Solenaia triangularis vs Solenaia rivularis) showed little molecular differentiation. The intraspecific genetic distances were much less than interspecific genetic distances for both CO1 and ND1 sequences in the 19 unionids species. These results suggested that both CO1 and ND1 should be useful DNA barcoding for identification and phylogenetic analysis of mussel species. This research provides important references for identifing species through DNA barcoding technology, studying the biomass and conservation strategies of freshwater Unionids.
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