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| Identification and Expression Profile Analysis of Chalcone Synthase (CHS) Gene Family in Sophora flavescens |
| LIU A-Ke*, LU Jun-Jie, LIU Lin-Tao, NIU Tian-Zeng, LIU Jiang-Tian, SONG Hui-Fang, WANG Xi* |
| Department of Life Sciences, Changzhi University, Changzhi 046011, China |
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Abstract The root of Sophora flavescens is rich in flavonoid secondary metabolites. Chalcone synthase (CHS) is the first rate-limiting enzyme in the flavonoid biosynthesis pathway, and its characteristics and activity directly affect the biosynthesis and accumulation of secondary metabolites. To analyze the phylogenetic relationship of CHS genes in S. flavescens and their expression profiles, and explore their roles in flavonoid biosynthesis, this study identified 21 CHS family members in S. flavescens using bioinformatics methods. Gene duplication contributed greatly to this family expansion, and the duplicate SfCHS genes underwent strong purifying selection. Then, these CHS members were subdivided into 3 groups (GroupⅠ,ⅡandⅢ) based on phylogenetic analysis. CHS family were not conserved during the evolution, but these members belonging to the same group were conserved in gene structure and motif distribution. The SfCHS04 promoter region contained the highest number of cis-elements for stress resistance. Moreover, based on the expression level of SfCHS genes among different tissues (root, stem, leaf, and flower), majority genes were specifically expressed in flowers. Based on the co-expression network analysis for transcriptome and metabolome data of the pod development, SfCHS04 and SfCHS20 were located in the center of the network, and the main regulatory transcription factors included members of ERF, MYB, WRKY, and NAC families, which played important roles in the development of S. flavescens pods and the accumulation of flavonoids. Finally, the quantitative of SfCHS genes using qPCR technology, which revealed that distinct SfCHS genes showed significant variations in expression levels during root development and among multiple tissues at different growth stages. In summary, the results not only clarify the phylogeny and expression profile of SfCHS genes, but also provide reference value for understanding the molecular mechanism of flavonoid biosynthesis and improving the medicinal value of S. flavescens through molecular breeding methods.
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Received: 21 August 2024
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Corresponding Authors:
*akeliu@126.com; 15513095026@163.com
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