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| Effects of Cd2+ and Zn2+ Stress on Antioxidant System and Non-specific Immune Function in Gymnocypris przewalskii |
| WANG Rong1,2, LI Chang-Zhong1,2, ZHAO Jin1,2, MA Shu-Xiong1,2, JIA Chun-Yan1,2, GOU Hua-Yu1, LI Lan-Ying1, CHEN Yan-Xia1,2, QI Hong-Fang3, JIN Wen-Jie1,2* |
1 College of Eco-Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China;
2 Key Laboratory of Plateau Cold-water Fish Culture and Eco-environmental Conservation (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xining 810016, China;
3 Key Laboratory of Breeding and Protection of Gymnocypris przewalskii, Rescue Center of Gymnocypris przewalskii, Xining 810016, China |
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Abstract Gymnocypris przewalskii is a kind of Schizothoracinae with low temperature and salt and alkali resistance. Heavy metal stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that limit the anadromous migration and breeding of G. przewalskii. To investigate the effects of Cd2+ and Zn2+ stress on the acute toxicity, antioxidant ability and non-specific immune function of G. przewalskii. G. przewalskii was exposed to different concentrations of Cd2+ and Zn2+ at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.The semi-lethal concentration for 50% (LC50) and the safe concentration (SC) were determined by static bioassay. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in gills, kidney and liver tissues of G. przewalskii were detected by the automatic microplate reader, and the relative expression of NF-κB related immune genes, such as transforming growth factor β-activatrd kinase 1 (TAK1), inhibitory nuclear factor kinase-κB α (IKKα), inhibitor nuclear factor-κB α (IκBα), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin 8 (IL-8), zinc finger protein A20 (A20), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by qPCR. The results showed that the LC50 of G. przewalskii under Cd2+ stress for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 1.455, 1.022, 0.579, and 0.428 mg/L, respectively. The LC50 of G. przewalskii under Zn2+ stress for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 4.634, 2.797, 1.843, and 1.157 mg/L, respectively. The SC of Cd2+ and Zn2+ were 0.004 3 and 0.115 7 mg/L, respectively, and the toxicity magnitude was Cd2+>Zn2+. After Cd2+ and Zn2+ stress, the activities of SOD and CAT in the kidney and liver of G. przewalskii shown varying degrees of response to Cd2+ and Zn2+ stress, but in high concentration, the activities were higher at 24 h in the gills. The activities of ACP were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the gills and kidney,and the activities of AKP were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the gills and liver. The expression of TAK1, IκBα, NF-κB, and IL-8 were highly up regulated (P<0.05) in gills, kidney, and liver, while the expressions of IKKα, A20, and TNF-α were relatively lower, especially in the liver. In conclusion, both Cd2+ and Zn2+ stress could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in G. przewalskii, activate the system of antioxidant defense and non-specific immune, regulate immune mechanism to cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of physiological response and artificial proliferation and release of G. przewalskii under heavy metal stress.
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Received: 16 October 2023
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Corresponding Authors:
*kingsunny@126.com
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