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| Study on the Mechanism of Osteoprotegerin Action During the Osteogenesis of Sika Deer (Cervus nippon) Antler |
| XING Bao-Rui1, LIU Zhen1, ZHAO Hai-Ping1, LI Guang-Yu1, SUN Hong-Mei2, LI Xun-Sheng2, ZHOU Jue2, YAO Cheng-Jie3, MA Ze-Fang1,* |
1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China;
2 Institute of Special Animal and Plant Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Changchun 130022, China;
3 Yishui County Juncheng Meihua Deer Breeding Cooperative, Yishui 276400, China |
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Abstract Osteoprotegerin (OPG) plays a key role during bone development and dynamic homeostasis. The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between changes in peripheral blood OPG levels and antler osteogenesis in sika deer (Cervus nippon), and the possible mechanisms of OPG in the osteogenesis of antler reserve mesenchyme cells (RMCs). Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the changes of OPG levels in the peripheral blood and antler tips of sika deer, and the expression levels of OPG in the osteogenesis of RMCs were detected by osteogenesis induction of antler RMCs using qRT-PCR and Western blot methods. The results showed that the OPG level in the peripheral blood of RMCs increased from May, peaked in August, reached the lowest level in December, and was maintained until May of the following year. OPG protein was expressed in the cell membrane and cytoplasm of RMCs, and increased from top to bottom in the antler tip and was widely expressed in the vascular wall and around the bone lumen. Alkaline phosphatase activity in RMCs started to increase from the 3rd day after the addition of osteogenic induction solution, By 21 d of induction, RMCs were induced into osteoblasts with red-stained calcium nodules. The expression levels of RUNX family transcription factor 2 (RUNX2), Sp7 transcription factor (SP7), secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC), Biglycan (BGN) and TNF receptor superfamily member 11a (RANK) genes were significantly up-regulated during osteogenesis induction (P<0.05), and the OPG/RANKL (TNF superfamily member 11) ratio was reversed. the OPG protein level showed an increasing trend during osteogenesis. In conclusion, OPG levels in peripheral blood of sika deer were positively correlated with the osteogenesis process of antler, and OPG proteins expressed in antler tip might promote osteogenesis by regulating the differentiation of RMCs through the reversal of OPG/RANKL ratio. This study provides new insights into the osteogenesis of deer antler and new ideas for the treatment of osteoporosis in human (Homo sapiens).
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Received: 01 November 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
*mazefang@163.com
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