|
|
|
| Identification of the FtsH Gene Family in Gossypium hirsutum and Its Expression Analysis Under Salt Stress |
| REN He-Li1,2, ZHANG Le2,3, TANG Bing-Hui1, GAO Yang2, LI Yu-Guo1, ZHANG Jun2, Ainijiang1,* |
1 Cotton Research Institute, the Shihezi Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Shihezi 832000, China;
2 Institute of Industrial Crops, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250000, China;
3 School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract Filamentation temperature-sensitive H(FtsH), which possesses ATPase and proteolytic activities, is widely distributed in plants and plays important roles in plant growth and development, as well as in plant responses to stress. In this study, the function of FtsH family members in the growth, development, and salt stress response of Gossypium hirsutum were systematically explored, 39 GhFtsH genes were identified in the whole genome of G. hirsutum and were analyzed using bioinformatics methods. The expression profiles of GhFtsH gene family members in various tissues were constructed using RNA-seq data. qRT-PCR was employed to detect the expression patterns of 'Lumianyan 37' across distinct developmental stages under different salt concentration treatments. The results revealed that the 39 GhFtsH genes were unevenly distributed on 19 chromosomes. Phylogenetic analysis showed that 39 GhFtsH genes were divided into 7 subgroups. All GhFtsH proteins contained 2 typical conserved motifs. Synteny analysis revealed that several GhFtsH genes were collinear with Arabidopsis thaliana and rice(Oryza sativa). Promoter sequence analysis of GhFtsH identified the cis-acting elements associated with photo-response and stress responses. Most GhFtsH genes were highly expressed in leaves. Similarly, GhFtsH1, GhFtsH2, GhFtsH14, and GhFtsH15 maintained high expression levels under abiotic stress. qRT-PCR results revealed that under salt stress the expression levels of GhFtsH1, GhFtsH2 and GhFtsH14 differed with treatment concentration and developmental stage, with GhFtsH2 exhibiting the most sensitive response. This study provides an important theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanisms of salt tolerance and for stress-resistance breeding in cotton.
|
|
Received: 12 December 2025
|
|
|
|
Corresponding Authors:
*anjmmt@126.com
|
|
|
|
[1] 涂礼莉, 张献龙, 刘迪秋, 等. 2007. 棉花纤维发育和体细胞胚发生过程中实时定量PCR内对照基因的筛选[J]. 科学通报, 52(20): 2379-2385.
(Tu L L, Zhang X L, Liu D Q, et al.2007. Selection of internal reference genes for real-time quantitative PCR during cotton fiber development and somatic embryogenesis[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 52(20): 2379-2385.)
[2] Abdelraheem A, Esmaeili N, O'Connell M, et al.2019. Progress and perspective on drought and salt stress tolerance in cotton[J]. Industrial Crops Products, 130: 118-129.
[3] Ali Y, Aslam Z, Hussain F.2005. Genotype and environment interaction effect on yield of cotton under naturally salt stress condition[J]. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2: 169-173.
[4] Bailey S, Thompson E, Nixon P J, et al.2002. A critical role for the Var2 FtsH homologue of Arabidopsis thaliana in the photosystem Ⅱ repair cycle in vivo[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 277(3): 2006-2011.
[5] Bieniossek C, Schalch T, Bumann M, et al.2006. The molecular architecture of the metalloprotease FtsH[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 103(9): 3066-3071.
[6] Bourdineaud J P, Nehmé B, Tesse S, et al.2003. The ftsH gene of the wine bacterium Oenococcus oeni is involved in protection against environmental stress[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(5): 2512-2520.
[7] Chen C G, Chen H, Zhang Y, et al.2020. TBtools: An integrative toolkit developed for interactive analyses of big biological data[J]. Molecular Plant, 13(8): 1194-1202.
[8] Chen J P, Burke J J, Velten J, et al.2006. FtsH11 protease plays a critical role in Arabidopsis thermotolerance[J]. Plant Journal, 48(1): 73-84.
[9] Chou K C, Shen H B.2010. Plant-mPLoc: A top-down strategy to augment the power for predicting plant protein subcellular localization[J]. PLOS ONE, 5(6): e11335.
[10] Confalonieri F, Duguet M.1995. A 200-amino acid ATPase module in search of a basic function[J]. Bioessays, 17(7): 639-650.
[11] Deuerling E, Mogk A, Richter C, et al.1997. The ftsH gene of Bacillus subtilis is involved in major cellular processes such as sporulation, stress adaptation and secretion[J]. Molecular Microbiology, 23(5): 921-933.
[12] Deuerling E, Paeslack B, Schumann W.1995. The ftsH gene of Bacillus subtilis is transiently induced after osmotic and temperature upshift[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 177(14): 4105-4112.
[13] Duvaud S, Gabella C, Lisacek F, et al.2021. Expasy, the swiss bioinformatics resource portal, as designed by its users[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(W1): W216-W227.
[14] Hu Y, Chen J D, Fang L, et al.2019. Gossypium barbadense and Gossypium hirsutum genomes provide insights into the origin and evolution of allotetraploid cotton[J]. Nature Genetics, 51(4): 739-748.
[15] Ito K, Akiyama Y.2005. Cellular functions, mechanism of action, and regulation of FtsH protease[J]. Annual Review of Microbiology, 59(1): 211-231.
[16] Karata K, Inagawa T, Wilkinson A J, et al.1999. Dissecting the role of a conserved motif(the second region of homology) in the AAA family of ATPases[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 274(37): 26225-26232.
[17] Kato Y, Hyodo K, Sakamoto W.2018. The photosystem Ⅱ repair cycle requires FtsH turn over through the EngA GTPase[J]. Plant Physiology, 178(2): 596-611.
[18] Kato Y, Miura E, Ido K, et al.2009. The variegated mutants lacking chloroplastic FtsHs are defective in D1 degradation and accumulate reactive oxygen species[J]. Plant Physiology, 151(4): 1790-1801.
[19] Krzywda S, Brzozowski A M, Verma C, et al.2002. The crystal structure of the AAA domain of the ATP-dependent protease FtsH of Escherichia coli at 1.5 Å resolution[J]. Structure, 10(8): 1073-1083.
[20] Kumar S, Stecher G, Tamura K.2016. MEGA7: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis version 7.0 for bigger datasets[J]. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 33(7): 1870-1874.
[21] Lescot M, Déhais P, Thijs G, et al.2002. PlantCARE, a database of plant cis-acting regulatory elements and a portal to tools for in silico analysis of promoter sequences[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 30(1): 325-327.
[22] Letunic I, Bork P.2021. Interactive Tree of Life(iTOL) v5: An online tool for phylogenetic tree display and annotation[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 49(W1): W293-W296.
[23] Li R Y, Zeng X C, Jiang X Q, et al.2024. MsFtsH8 enhances the tolerance of PEG-simulated drought stress by boosting antioxidant capacity in Medicago sativa L.[J]. Plants, 13(21): 3025.
[24] Li X, Niu K J, Zeng X C, et al.2024. Proteomic analysis of MsFtsH8 overexpression reveals enhanced salt stress response in alfalfa through PSⅡ stability and antioxidant capacity improvement[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 227: 105966.
[25] Li Y W, Liu H, Wang X Y, et al.2025. Genome-wide identification and comprehensive analysis of the FtsH gene family in wheat[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 52(1): 186.
[26] Lindahl M, Spetea C, Hundal T, et al.2000. The thylakoid FtsH protease plays a role in the light-induced turnover of the photosystem Ⅱ D1 protein[J]. Plant Cell, 12(3): 419.
[27] Lindahl M, Tabak S, Cseke L, et al.1996. Identification, characterization, and molecular cloning of a homologue of the bacterial FtsH protease in chloroplasts of higher plants[J]. Journal of Biological Chemistry, 271(46): 29329-29334.
[28] Livak K J, Schmittgen T D.2001. Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2-ΔΔCT method[J]. Methods, 25(4): 402-408.
[29] Mishra L S, Funk C.2021. The FtsHi Enzymes of Arabidopsis thaliana: Pseudo-proteases with an important function[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(11): 5917.
[30] Mishra L S, Mishra S, Caddell D F, et al.2021. The plastid-localized AtFtsHi3 pseudo-protease of Arabidopsis thaliana has an impact on plant growth and drought tolerance[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 694727.
[31] Ogura T, Tomoyasu T, Yuki T, et al.1991. Structure and function of the ftsH gene in Escherichia coli[J]. Research in Microbiology, 142(2-3): 279-282.
[32] Ogura T, Wilkinson A J.2001. AAA+ superfamily ATPases: Common structure-diverse function[J]. Genes to Cells, 6(7): 575-597.
[33] Pu T X, Mo Z J, Su L, et al.2022. Genome-wide identification and expression analysis of the ftsH protein family and its response to abiotic stress in Nicotiana tabacum L.[J]. BMC Genomics, 23(1): 503.
[34] Santos D, De Almeida D F.1975. Isolation and characterization of a new temperature-sensitive cell division mutant of Escherichia coli K-12[J]. Journal of Bacteriology, 124(3): 1502-1507.
[35] Sedaghatmehr M, Mueller-Roeber B, Balazadeh S.2016. The plastid metalloprotease FtsH6 and small heat shock protein HSP21 jointly regulate thermomemory in Arabidopsis[J]. Nature Communications, 7(1): 12439.
[36] Stefanov M A, Rashkov G D, Borisova P B, et al.2024. Changes in photosystem Ⅱ complex and physiological activities in pea and maize plants in response to salt stress[J]. Plants, 13(7): 1025.
[37] Tang X L, Mu X M, Shao H B, et al.2015. Global plant-responding mechanisms to salt stress: Physiological and molecular levels and implications in biotechnology[J]. Critical Reviews in Biotechnology, 35(4): 425-437.
[38] Timothy L B, James J, Charles E G, et al.2015. The MEME suite[J]. Nucleic Acids Research, 43: W39-W49.
[39] Wang J B, Liu L, Luo R, et al.2024. Genome-wide analysis of filamentous temperature-sensitive H protease(ftsH) gene family in soybean[J]. BMC Genomics, 25(1): 524.
[40] Wang P P, Moore B M, Panchy N L, et al.2018. Factors influencing gene family size variation among related species in a plant family, solanaceae[J]. Genome Biology and Evolution, 10(10): 2596-2613.
[41] Wang X M, Li Q Q, Zhang Y L, et al.2022. VAR2/AtFtsH2 and EVR2/BCM1/CBD1 synergistically regulate the accumulation of PSⅡreaction centre D1 protein during de‐etiolation in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 45(8): 2395-2409.
[42] Xiao J J, Zhang R X, Khan A, et al.2021. CaFtsH06, a novel filamentous thermosensitive protease gene, is involved in heat, salt, and drought stress tolerance of pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 22(13): 6953.
[43] Yi L B, Liu B, Nixon P J, et al.2022. Recent advances in understanding the structural and functional evolution of FtsH proteases[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 13: 837528.
[44] Yu C S, Chen Y C, Lu C H, et al.2006. Prediction of protein subcellular localization[J]. Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics, 64(3): 643-651.
[45] Yue X H, Ke X S, Shi Y F, et al.2023. Chloroplast inner envelope protein FtsH11 is involved in the adjustment of assembly of chloroplast ATP synthase under heat stress[J]. Plant, Cell and Environment, 46(3): 850-864.
[46] Zaltsman A, Ori N, Adam Z.2005. Two types of FtsH protease subunits are required for chloroplast biogenesis and photosystem Ⅱ repair in Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 17(10): 2782-2790.
[47] Zhang J X, Zhang P, Huo X H, et al.2021. Comparative phenotypic and transcriptomic analysis reveals key responses of upland cotton to salinity stress during postgermination[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 12: 639104.
[48] Zhang J X, Pan A, Chen Y, et al.2025. Metabolomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal positive roles of root border cells in salinity resistance in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.)[J]. Industrial Crops and Products, 232: 121184.
[49] Zhang T Z, Hu Y, Jiang W K, et al.2015. Sequencing of allotetraploid cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L. acc. TM-1) provides a resource for fiber improvement[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 33(5): 531-537.
[50] Zhu X X, Yu A D, Zhang Y Y, et al.2023. Genome-wide identification and characterization of filamentation temperature-sensitive H(FtsH) genes and expression analysis in response to multiple stresses in Medicago truncatula[J]. Molecular Biology Reports, 50(12): 10097-10109. |
|
|
|
