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| Mutagenesis of Non-conservative Sites in Loop Region Near Active Center Improves Catalytic Activity and Thermostability of Endoglucanase |
| ZHANG Chao1,2,*, JIA He-Xue1,3, WANG Ting-Ting1, WANG Qian1, GENG Ming-Yu1, ZONG Jin-Nan1, SUN Jin-Xu1,2 |
1 College of Life Science, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China;
2 Hebei Technology Innovation Centre of Fruit and Vegetable Fermentation, Hengshui 053000, China;
3 Center for Wetland Conservation and Research, Hengshui University, Hengshui 053000, China |
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Abstract Cellulases are key catalysts for the efficient utilization of cellulose resources, but their insufficient catalytic efficiency and thermostability have seriously restricted their widespread application. In this study, endoglucanase EG-20SJ from the glycoside hydrolase family 5 (GH5), derived from Bacillus velezensis, was used as the research object. First, non-conservative sites in the loop region near the active center were screened through homology modeling and conservation analysis. Then, combined with alanine scanning and site-saturation mutagenesis, mutants were constructed, and their enzymatic properties were analyzed. Results showed that among the saturation mutants at the Asp99 and Ser264 sites, the single mutants D99R, S264R, and the double mutant D99R/S264R exhibited significantly improved activity. Specifically, the double mutant had an enzyme activity of 544.2 U/mg, which was 2.51 times that of the wild-type (217.1 U/mg). Regarding enzymatic properties, the optimal reaction temperature of the double mutant increased by 10 ℃ (reaching 60 ℃), and its residual activity after incubation at 70 ℃ for 1 h reached 61.7%. Kinetic analysis revealed a 44.0% reduction in michaelis constant (Km) and a 1.2-fold higher catalytic constant (kcat)/Km, indicating significant improvements in substrate affinity and catalytic efficiency. Molecular docking results confirmed that Arg99 and Arg264 in the double mutant enhanced substrate binding through additional hydrogen bonds and stabilized the conformation of the loop region. This study revealed the regulatory mechanism of non-conservative loop sites on enzyme function, providing a theoretical basis for the molecular modification and broad application of GH5 family enzymes.
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Received: 12 August 2025
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Corresponding Authors:
* 601578@hsnc.edu.cn
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