Effect of Cottonseed Meal Instead of Soybean Meal on Growth and Digestive Physiological Indexes of Fattening Lambs
WANG Ze-Xuan1, SONG Jie2, LIU Zi-Meng1, WEI Ze1, YIN Xue-Jiao3, ZHAO Wen1, DUAN Chun-Hui1, LIU Yue-Qin1, ZHANG Ying-Jie1,*
1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; 2 Agriculture and Rural Bureau of Nangong, Nangong 055750, China; 3 College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Normal University Of Science & Technology, Qinhuangdao 066000, China;
Abstract：As a protein feed with wide sources in China, cottonseed meal provides an effective solution to alleviate the shortage of protein feed in the animal husbandry industry. In sheep farming, replacing soybean meal with a certain proportion of cottonseed meal is conducive to improving economic benefits. The aim of this study was to analyze the effects of cottonseed meal replacing 50% and 100% soybean meal on the growth performance and digestive physiological indices of fattening lambs (Ovis aries), in order to provide a technical solution for soybean meal-free diets in fattening lambs. Healthy lambs at the age of 2 months with similar body weights were selected and fed with diets in which 0% (groupⅠ, control group), 50% (groupⅡ) and 100% (groupⅢ) cottonseed meal instead of soybean meal, with a pre-feeding period of 10 d and a regular feeding period of 60 d. During the feeding period, daily feed intake was recorded, and fasting body weights were measured on the morning of 0 and 60 d to calculate average daily gain and feed-to-gain ratio. On the morning of 60 d, blood samples were collected via venipuncture for analyzing serum immune indices and serum nutritional metabolism indices. Fecal samples were collected to determine the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein, crude fat, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Rumen fluid was collected using an oral rumen cannula for analyzing rumen fermentation parameters and the rumen microbial community. The results showed that the average daily weight gain and feed weight ratio was no significant difference (P>0.05), the diets with 50% and 100% of soybean meal replaced by cottonseed meal had no significant effect on the growth performance.There was no notable divergence among groups in terms of the levels of serum nutritional metabolism indices and immune indices such as immunoglobulin A, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin M, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-4, interleukin-10, heat shock protein-70, creatinine, urea nitrogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, serum protein (P>0.05). There was no notable divergence among groups in terms of the levels of major nutrients such as dry matter digestibility, crude protein digestibility, crude fat digestibility, neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber digestibility (P>0.05). Among groups, the levels of rumen fermentation parameters such as rumen pH, ammonia nitrogen, bacterial protein and volatile fatty acid content did not display significant variances (P>0.05). At the phylum level of rumen microorganisms, Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes were the dominant phyla in all groups, with no significant differences (P>0.05) in the relative abundance of the top 10 phyla among groups. At the genus level, Prevotella was the dominant genus in the rumen microorganisms of all groups, and there were no significant differences (P>0.05) in the relative abundance of the top 10 genera among groups. The results of economic benefit analysis indicated that the income of lambs fed with 50% cottonseed meal and 100% cottonseed meal had an additional income of 7.08 yuan and 8.63 yuan per lamb respectively compared with the group fed with 100% soybean meal. In summary, replacing soybean meal with 50% and 100% cottonseed meal had no significant effect on the growth and major digestive physiological indices of lambs, and the economic benefits were significant. It is feasible to completely replace soybean meal with cottonseed meal in the fattening diet of lambs. This study provides the technical guide for cottonseed meal usage in meat sheep and goats.
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