Effects of Astaxanthin on Hepatopancreas Structure, Antioxidant Indexes and Antimicrobial Peptide Gene Expression of Litopenaeus vannamei Under Microcystin Stress
ZHAO Ying-Can, LU Jun-Hao, LIU Zhe*, SONG Guo-Lin, XU Yong-Hui, QUAN Jin-Qiang, ZHAO Gui-Yan
College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Abstract：Microcystins (MCs) is a class of natural toxins produced by cyanobacteria during water bloom outbreaks and can induce a variety of pathological injuries in aquatic animals and pose a great threat to the healthy aquaculture of aquatic economic animals. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of astaxanthin (AX) on the structural changes of hepatopancreas, antioxidant indexes and gene expression of antimicrobial peptide in Litopenaeus vannamei under microcystin-LR (MC-LR) stress in this study. A total of 1 800 L. vannamei with an average weight of (0.5±0.1) g were randomly divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group. The control group and MC group were fed with basic feed, while the MC+AX group was fed with feed with an AX content of 100 mg/kg for 30 d. After the 30th day, the control group continued to be fed with basic feed, while the MC group was fed with feed supplemented with MC-LR (100 μg/kg). The MC+AX group was fed with feed supplemented with MC-LR (100 μg/kg)+AX (100 mg/kg),, and continued to be fed for 15 d. At 0, 5, 10 and 15 d after the addition of MC-LR, 10 L. vannamei were randomly selected from each replicate, and the hepatopancreas were collected to observe the changes of tissue structure and to determine antioxidant indexes and gene expression of antimicrobial peptide. The results showed that the structure of hepatopancreas of L. vannamei was seriously damaged in MC group, with atrophy of hepatic tubules, separation of epithelial cells from the basement membrane, dissolution of connective tissues between hepatic tubules, enlarged gaps, and abnormal shape of the star-shaped lumen. While in MC+AX group, the hepatic tubules of L. vannamei were arranged neatly, and cell morphology was more normal, which indicated that AX could attenuate the damage of hepatopancreatic caused by the MC-LR. Compared with the control group, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), alkaline phosphatase enzyme (AKP), acid phosphatase enzyme (ACP), lysozyme (LZM) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing in MC group. The activities of catalase (CAT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) increased gradually. Compared with MC group, the activities of SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, AKP, ACP, LZM and LDH increased significantly (P<0.05) in MC+AX group, and the content of MDA decreased significantly (P<0.05). The genes expression of Penaeidin 3 and anti-lipopolysaccharride factor (ALF) increased first and then decreased in MC group , both reaching the maximum on the 5th day, which were 1.35 and 1.31 times of control group, respectively, which were significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05). And then reached the minimum on the 10th and 15th day. The expression of crustin showed a gradual downward trend, reaching the minimum on 15th day, which was 0.3 times of control group, and significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). In MC+AX group, the expression of Penaeidin 3, crustin and ALF were significantly increased (P<0.05), and reached the maximum at 5th, 10th and 5th day, respectively, which were 1.93, 1.46 and 2.9 times of control group. In conclusion, the addition of AX to the diet enhances antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei and effectively alleviates the toxic effects of MC-LR. This study provides a theoretical basis for developing the healthy aquaculture and carrying out the research of related functional feeds in pacific white L. vannamei.
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