Abstract：Gene chips are high-throughput tools that detect specific DNA sequences by leveraging DNA double-strand complementary pairing or DNA-RNA complementary hybridization, enabling efficient genotyping and supporting individual genetic assessment and selective breeding. Currently, mainstream commercial breeding chips primarily utilize SNPs—distributed evenly across the genome—and are widely applied in areas such as the genetic analysis of economically important traits in pigs (Sus scrofa domesticus), genomic selection, marker-assisted breeding, breed identification, and germplasm conservation. These chips have facilitated significant progress in breeding for meat quality, growth, reproduction, and resilience (including disease and stress resistance), driving the transition of pig breeding from traditional phenotypic selection toward precision, large-scale, and high-efficiency operations. Meanwhile, the introduction of novel genetic markers, such as structural variations (SVs), helps address the limitations of conventional SNP chips regarding complex genomic regions and large-scale variation detection, offering new technical avenues for deciphering complex traits. This article reviews the technical principles, classification, and domestic development process of gene chips, systematically elaborating on their application effecacy and key advancements in improving pork quality, enhancing growth performance, optimizing reproductive efficiency, and developing disease-resistant and stress-tolerant pig breeds. It analyzes current application bottlenecks and envisions the prospects of gene chips, through multi-technology integration, empowering the independent and controllable development of the pig breeding industry and promoting its high-quality development. The aim is to provide theoretical reference and practical guidance for the innovative research and industrial application of gene chips in the field of pig breeding in China.
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