The Effects of LED Light Quality on Growth of Oreochromis niloticus and Its Underlying Physiological Mechanisms
ZHAI Wan-Ting1,2, YI Meng-Meng2,3, WANG Miao2, LU Mai-Xin2,*
1 National Demonstration Center for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 2 Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; 3 Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Resources and Coastal, Zhuhai 519082, China
Abstract Light plays an important role in regulating the physiological activities of fish, such as feeding, growth, stress, reproduction and endocrine. To enhance the health and welfare of farmed tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), as well as explore the suitable light quality for the tilapia and reveal the underlying physiological mechanisms, tilapia (49.2±3.2) g, were exposed to different LED light quality (red, yellow, blue, green and white), and the body composition, growth performance, cortisol levels in plasma, activities of digestive enzymes in the stomach and immune-related enzymes in serum were measured in the current study. The results showed that different light quality affected the growth, stress and immunity status of tilapia. But the survival rate (SR) and condition factor (CF) of tilapia under different light quality had no significant difference. The feeding rate (FR) and weight gain rate (WGR) of the tilapia exposed to yellow or red light were higher, and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were significantly lower (P<0.05) than those in the other light qualities. The FR, WGR and specific growth rate (SGR) in the green light group and darkness group were the lowest. Although light qualities had no significant effect on ash and crude protein content of tilapia, they had certain effect on crude lipid and moisture content. The crude lipid content of tilapia in the yellow light group was not significantly different from the blue light group (P>0.05), but was significantly higher than the other 4 groups (P<0.05); the moisture content of tilapia in the yellow light group was not significantly different from the red and blue light groups (P>0.05) but significantly lower than the green, white and darkness groups (P<0.05). Activities of protease (PES) and α-amylase (α-AMS) in the stomach of tilapia of the red light group were significantly higher than those in the other light groups (P<0.05); The activity of lipase in the red light group was significantly lower compared with the white light group and the darkness group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference among other groups. The cortisol concentration in the plasma of tilapia exposed to green light was significantly higher than that of the other groups (P<0.05), which indicated that the green light had a significant stress effect on tilapia. The alkaline phosphatase (AKP) activity in the plasma of tilapia in the green light group was significantly higher than that of the other light groups (P<0.05) but had no significant difference from the darkness group (P>0.05); Lysozyme (LZM) activity in the serum of tilapia exposed to yellow light was significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05). The findings above indicated that yellow and red light decreased the FCR and promoted the growth of tilapia, but the green light induced a stress response in tilapia and had a negative effect on fish growth. Therefore, the red and yellow light were recommended in the industrial aquaculture of tilapia to improve fish welfare and productivity. The research provides a scientific reference for the light environment regulation of Oreochromis niloticus.
ZHAI Wan-Ting,YI Meng-Meng,WANG Miao, et al. The Effects of LED Light Quality on Growth of Oreochromis niloticus and Its Underlying Physiological Mechanisms[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(7): 1332-1341.
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