Abstract American red maple (Acer rubrum) leaves are bright red and beautiful, and are widely used in garden plants. It is also often used as a shelter forest trees species and a scenic forest trees species. In order to understand the differentially expressed genes and molecular regulatory pathways in American red maple during the color changes of leaves, this study performed RNA-Seq sequencing and analysis on American red maple during the color changes of leaves. The total number of unigenes was 78 571, the total length was 71 788 869 bp, and the average length was 913.68 bp. 48 387 unigenes could be assigned to the protein database for annotation information. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis found that the annotated genes involved 53 functional groups, of which metabolic processes (biological processes), cells (cell components), and catalytic activities (molecular functions) were enriched to a higher degree. KEGG analysis found that differentially expressed genes mainly regulated biological processes such as ribosomal metabolism. During the color change of leaves, 7 kinds of anthocyanin-related transcription factors were selected. And they were mainly through propane biosynthesis, anthocyanin biosynthesis and flavonoid biosynthesis, which were involved in the regulation of American red maple leaf color. Meanwhile, it was found that the expression levels of 7 transcription factors were higher in red leaves or colorful leaves, which further indicated that they might had an important role in the leave color changes of American red maple. The results of this study provide a reference for exploring the molecular mechanism of the change of leaf color in American red maple.
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