Abstract In the previous study, the laboratory isolated and screened a cold-tolerant aerobic denitrification strain Y-12 from long-term flooded winter paddy field. In this study, the characteristics of nitrification, denitrification characteristics and simultaneous nitrification and denitrification characteristics of strain Y-12 at 15 ℃ were studied using single nitrogen source (ammonium (NH4+-N), nitrate (NO3--N) or nitrite (NO2--N)) and different concentrations of mixed nitrogen sources (ammonium and nitrate, or ammonium and nitrite). The results showed that at 15 ℃, when the nitrogen source was ammonium nitrogen, the removal rates of NH4+-N and total nitrogen (TN) were 100% and 46.2%, respectively. When the nitrogen source was nitrate nitrogen, the removal rates of NO3--N and TN were 99.7% and 53.6%, respectively. When the nitrogen source was nitrite nitrogen, the removal rates of NO2--N and TN were 99.9% and 57.7%, respectively. The total nitrogen removal rates of the low concentration mixed nitrogen source (5 mg/L NH4+-N+5 mg/L NO3--N, 5 mg/L NH4+-N+5 mg/L NO2--N) was 50.0% and 52.4%; the total nitrogen removal rates of high-concentration mixed nitrogen (100 mg/L NH4+-N+100 mg/L NO3--N, 100 mg/L NH4+-N+100 mg/L NO2--N) were 31.8% and 24.7%, and both of them could effectively remove ammonium nitrogen, nitrate nitrogen and nitrite nitrogen. The strain could still grow when the pH raised to about 9.0 under mixed nitrogen source conditions. The research proves that strain Y-12 is a cold-tolerant aerobic denitrifying bacteria with certain alkali resistance, which has good advantages and application potential for the treatment of low temperature and alkaline wastewater (especially ammonium-containing nitrogen), provides theoretical basis and alternative strains for the simultaneous treatment of wastewater containing various nitrogen source in the late autumn to early spring.
[1] 陈玲, 白洁, 赵阳国, 等. 2016. 分离于河口区芦苇湿地1株好氧反硝化菌的鉴定及其反硝化特性[J] .微生物学报, 56(8): 1314-1325. (Chen L, Bai J, Zhao Y G, et al., 2016. Identification and denitrification characteristics of an aerobic denitrifier in estuary phragmites wetland[J]. Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 56(8): 1314-1325.) [2] 何腾霞, 李振轮, 徐义. 2015. 耐冷亚硝酸盐型反硝化细菌Pseudomonas putida Y-12脱氮特性[J]. 环境科学报, 2015, 35(10): 3071-3077. (He T X, Li Z L, Xu Y.2015. Denitrification characteristics of a hypothermia nitrite-denitrifier Pseudomonas putida Y-12[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 35[10]: 3071-3077.) [3] 李卫芬, 傅罗琴, 邓斌, 等. 2011. 1株好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性研究[J]. 环境科学, 32(8): 2403-2408. (Li W F, Fu L Q, Deng B, et al.2011. Identification and denitrification characteristics of an aerobic denitrifier[J]. Environmental Science, 32(8): 2403-2408.) [4] 刘晶晶, 汪苹, 王欢. 2008. 一株异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的脱氮性能研究[J]. 环境科学研究, 21(3): 121-125. (Liu J J, Wang P, Wang H.2008. Study on denitrification characteristics of a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrifier[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 21(3): 121-125.) [5] 罗泽娇, 靳孟贵. 2002. 地下水三氮污染的研究进展[J]. 水文地质工程地质, 29(4): 65-69. (Luo Z J, Jin M G.2002. Research progress of ammonia,nitrite and nitrate pollution in groundwater[J]. Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology, 29(4):65-69.) [6] 沈耀良, 王宝贞. 1999. 垃圾填理场渗滤液的水质特征及其变化规律分析[J]. 污染防治技术, (01): 10-13. (Shen Y L,Wang B Z. 1999. An analysis of chracteristics of landfill leachate and its variations[J]. Pollution Control Technology, (01): 10-13.) [7] 孙庆花, 于德爽, 张培玉, 等. 2016. 1株海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及其脱氮特性[J]. 环境科学, 37(2): 647-654. (Sun Q H, Yu D S, Zhang P Y, et al.2016. Identification and nitrogen removal characteristics of a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification strain isolated from marine environment[J]. Environmental Science, 37(2): 647-654.) [8] 王骁静, 于德爽, 李津, 等. 2017. 海洋异养硝化-好氧反硝化菌y6同步脱氮除碳特性[J]. 中国环境科学, 37(02): 686-695. (Wang X J, Yu D S, Li J, et al.2017. Separation identification and the characteristics research of simultaneous removal of nitrogen and carbon about Marine eterotrophic itrification and aerobic denitrification strain y6[J]. China Environmental Science, 37(02): 686-695.) [9] 王兆阳, 陈国耀, 姜珂, 等. 2014. 1株耐冷兼性嗜碱好氧反硝化菌的分离鉴定及反硝化特性[J]. 环境科学, (6): 2341-2348. (Wang Z Y, Chen G Y, Jiang K, et al. 2014. Identification and denitrification characteristics of a psychrotolerant facultative basophilic aerobic denitrifier[J]. Environmental Science, (6): 2341-2348. [10] Alvarez J A, Ruiz I, M Gómez, et al.2006. Start-up alternatives and performance of an UASB pilot plant treating diluted municipal wastewater at low temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 97(14): 1640-1649. [11] Arends J B A, Verstraete W.2012. 100 years of microbial electricity production: Three concepts for the future[J]. Microbial Biotechnology, 5(3): 333-346. [12] Carrera J, Baeza J A, Vicent T, et al.2003. Biological nitrogen removal of high-strength ammonium industrial wastewater with two-sludge system[J]. Water Research, 37(17): 4211-4221. [13] Guo L, Chen Q, Fang F, et al.2013. Application potential of a newly isolated indigenous aerobic denitrifier for nitrate and ammonium removal of eutrophic lake water[J]. Bioresource Technology, 142(Complete): 45-51. [14] He T X, Xie D T, Li Z L, et al.2017. Ammonium stimulates nitrate reduction during simultaneous nitrification and denitrification process by Arthrobacter arilaitensis Y-10[J]. Bioresource Technology, 239: 66. [15] Huang X, Li W, Zhang D, et al.2013. Ammonium removal by a novel oligotrophic Acinetobacter sp. Y16 capable of heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification at low temperature[J]. Bioresource Technology, 146: 44-50. [16] Kroupova H, Machova J, Svobodova Z.2005. Nitrite influence on fish: A review[J]. Veterinarni Medicina, 50(11): 461-471. [17] Lenka Vacková, Srb M, Stloukal R, et al.2011. Comparison of denitrification at low temperature using encapsulated Paracoccus denitrificans, Pseudomonas fluorescens and mixed culture[J]. Bioresource Technology, 102(7): 4661-4666. [18] Pal R R, Khardenavis A A, Purohit H J.2015. Identification and monitoring of nitrification and denitrification genes in Klebsiella pneumoniae EGD-HP19-C for its ability to perform heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification[J]. Functional & Integrative Genomics, 15(1): 63-76. [19] Qu D, Wang C, Wang Y, et al.2015. Heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification by a novel groundwater origin cold-adapted bacterium at low temperatures[J]. RSC Advances, 5(7): 5149-5157. [20] Robertson L A, Kuenen J G.1990. Combined heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification in Thiosphaera pantotropha and other bacteria[J]. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, 57(3): 139-152. [21] Shao Y X, Shi Y J, Mohammed A, et al.2017. Wastewater ammonia removal using an integrated fixed-film activated sludge-sequencing batch biofilm reactor (IFAS-SBR): Comparison of suspended flocs and attached biofilm[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 116:38-47. [22] Sun Y L, Li A, Zhang X N, et al.2015. Regulation of dissolved oxygen from accumulated nitrite during the heterotrophic nitrification and aerobic denitrification of Pseudomonas stutzeri T13[J]. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 99(7): 3243-3248. [23] Swathi D, Sabumon P C, Maliyekkal S M.2017. Microbial mediated anoxic nitrification-denitrification in the presence of nanoscale oxides of manganese[J]. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 119: 499-510. [24] Takaya N, Catalansakairi M A, Sakaguchi Y, et al.2003. Aerobic denitrifying bacteria that produce low levels of nitrous oxide[J]. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 69(6): 3152-3157. [25] Takenaka S, Zhou Q, Kuntiya A, et al.2007. Isolation and characterization of thermotolerant bacterium utilizing ammonium and nitrate ions under aerobic conditions[J]. Biotechnology Letters, 29(3): 385-390. [26] Taylor S M, Yiliang H E, Zhao B, et al.2009. Heterotrophic ammonium removal characteristics of an aerobic heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium, Providencia rettgeri YL[J]. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 21(10): 1336-1341. [27] Xian L, Yong-Xiang R, Lei Y, et al.2015. Characteristics of nitrogen removal by a heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium YL[J]. Environmental Science, 36: 1749-1756. [28] Zhang D, Li W, Huang X, et al.2013. Removal of ammonium in surface water at low temperature by a newly isolated Microbacterium sp. strain SFA13[J]. Bioresource Technology, 137: 147-152. [29] Zhang Q L, Liu Y, Ai G M, et al.2012. The characteristics of a novel heterotrophic nitrification-aerobic denitrification bacterium, Bacillus methylotrophicus strain L7[J]. Bioresource Technology, 108: 35-44. [30] Zhang S, Sha C Q, Jiang W, et al.2015. Ammonium removal at low temperature by a newly isolated heterotrophic nitrifying and aerobic denitrifying bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens wsw-1001[J]. Environmental Technology, 36(19): 1-21. [31] Zhao B, He Y, Hughes J, et al.2010. Heterotrophic nitrogen removal by a newly isolated Acinetobacter calcoaceticus HNR[J]. Bioresource Technology, 101(14): 5194-5200. [32] Zheng H Y, Liu Y, Gao X Y, et al.2012. Characterization of a marine origin aerobic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium[J]. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, 114(1): 33-37. [33] Zhu L, Ding W, Feng L J, et al.2012. Characteristics of an aerobic denitrifier that utilizes ammonium and nitrate simultaneously under the oligotrophic niche[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research International, 19(8): 3185-3191.
