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Abstract Based on the data from the International Agricultural Biotechnology Application Service Organization (ISAAA), the herbicide tolerance transgene events of 4 crops, including cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), soybean (Glycine max), canola (Brassica napus) and maize (Zea mays) were summarized. The aim is to provide important references for the development of herbicide tolerance transgenic crops in China. It was found that there were 328 herbicide tolerance transgene events by the end of 21 May 2017. These events are approved by the country concerned for direct consumption or as an additive or for cultivation. Herbicide tolerance transgene events of cotton, soybean, canola and maize were 39, 28, 32 and 201, respectively, accounted for 11.89%, 8.53%, 9.76% and 61.28% of the global herbicide tolerance transgenic events, respectively. Nineteen herbicide tolerance genes, which are derived from 16 kinds of organisms, involved in these herbicide tolerance events of these four crops. Seven out of 19 herbicide tolerance genes are derived from five plant genomes, including maize, arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), soybeans, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum cv. Xanthi) and oats (Avena sativa), and the rest of 13 from microbial genomes. These 19 genes displayed tolerance to nine kinds of herbicides, which are glyphosate, glufosinate, imidazolinones, 2,4-dichlorophenoxy (2,4-D), isoxazolone, dicamba, sulfonylureas, mesotrione and bromoxynil. Singular herbicide tolerance events, multi herbicide tolerance events, stacked gene events (herbicide tolerance and other trait, such as insect resistance) were 25, 18 and 257, respectively, which accounted for 8.3%, 6% and 85.7% of the total herbicide tolerance events of four crops. These events were developed by eight companies, namely Syngenta, Monsanto Company, DuPont, Bayer CropScience, Dow AgroSciences LLC, BASF, Genective S.A. and the Stein Seed Farm Inc.(USA). Compared to the above international situation, the most of the herbicide tolerance events are glyphosate tolerance, mainly from microorganisms in China. Therefore several suggestions are put forward for developing herbicide tolerance events scientifically in China. Firstly, it is suggested to focus on the development of herbicide tolerance transgene events which should be from plants, because plants have abundant herbicide tolerance genes and herbicide metabolic genes. Secondly, it is recommended to develop glufosinate tolerance transgene events due to characteristics of glufosinate, such as broad spectrum, low toxicity and high activity, environmental compatibility, and excellent weed control effects. Thirdly, other herbicides tolerance transgene events, such as 2,4-D, mesotrione, bromoxynil and isoxazolones should be developed. The single herbicide tolerance crop would lead to the evolution of herbicide resistance weeds due to overreliance on a single herbicide or group of herbicides that share the same mechanism of action or of metabolism. Transgenic crops carried double herbicide tolerance and even more herbicide tolerance genes allow to rotations of herbicides with different modes of action and different metabolic pathways, which are more likely to delay the evolution of herbicide resistant weeds than using herbicide of the same mode of action. Finally, it is suggested to cultivate the event with stacked traits, which could improve the economic value and ecological benefit of the transgenic crops.
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Received: 01 August 2017
Published: 01 January 2018
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