Abstract Raffinose plays an important role in plant response to abiotic stress, and galactinol synthase (Gols) is an important enzyme involved in the synthesis of raffinose. In this study, Gols gene families were identified and analyzed in the whole genome, 8, 7, 14 and 14 Gols genes were identified in Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondi, G. hirsutum and G. barbadense, respectively. Evolutionary analysis showed that the Gols gene family could be divided into 7 subgroups. The resules of conservative motifs and gene structure analysis showed that gene structure and composition of conserved motifs were also similar between closely related family members. A lot of cis-elements relevant to plant response to stresses were distributed on promoter regions of GhGols. Tissue expression pattern analysis showed that some GhGols genes were predominantly expressed in specific tissues. Expression analysis showed that the expression of some GhGols was induced by PEG treatment, among which the expression of GhGols6 was significantly up-regulated under PEG treatment. The results of qPCR analysis showed that the transcription level of GhGols6 was also significantly induced under drought stress. Further the GhGols6 gene was silenced using virus induced gene silencing (VIGS) technology, the result showed that silencing GhGols6 decreased the tolerance of cotton to drought stress, indicating that GhGols6 was a positive regulator of cotton drought response. This study provides a reference for further study on the function of Gols gene in cotton drought response.
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