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Abstract In order to decrease the blindness and to increase the efficiency in lily(Lilium) breeding, mainly based on the author's research results and experience, this paper reviewed the relationship of lily cultivars and wild species, the difference between intra-sectional and inter-sectional hybridizations, the breeding ways of modern lily cultivars and aneuploid lilies, and the mechanism of special phenomena and a new hypothesis (i.e., five same genomes of endosperm are essential for its development of triploid×diploid/tetraploid crosses of Lilium) of lily breeding. Hopefully, it would provide references for lily breeders.
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