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| Genome-wide Identification and Expression Features of AP2 Gene Family in Hypericum perforatum |
| LI Yong-Hui*, LIANG Yu-Jie, CHANG Si-Jin, GUO Ming-Xin, ZHANG Yan-Zhao, CHEN Yao |
| Life Science Department, Luoyang Normal University, Luoyang 471934, China |
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Abstract Hypericum perforatum is an important perennial medicinal plant in the form of herb in China. APETALA2 (AP2) is a special transcription factor family in plants, which plays a key role in plant growth and development. H. perforatum, as a sequenced species in Malpighiales, its AP2 gene family has not been analyzed. In order to reveal the characteristics and functions of HpAP2 gene family, a total of 21 AP2 transcription factors were identified using bioinformatics methods based on the transcriptome sequencing data in different tissues of H. perforatum, and their physicochemical properties, gene structure, conserved motifs, phylogenetic relationship, cis-acting elements and expression pattern were analyzed. In addition, the expression of selected 5 genes in H. perforatum under the treatment of 3 kinds of hormones were detected by qRT-PCR. Results showed that physicochemical properties of HpAP2 family were different, but they all belonged to hydrophilic protein. In the secondary structure of AP2 protein, the proportion of random coil and α-helix was large, while that of extended strand and β-turn was small. The HpAP2 family was subdivided into the eu-AINTEGUMENTA (euANT), euAP2, and basalANT groups according to the phylogenetic relationship. The same subfamily members shared similar gene structure and conserved motifs. Cis-acting elements in the promoter region of HpAP2 genes included 4 categories responding to transcription, development, abiotic or biological stress and hormone. Transcriptome data showed that most AP2 family genes (57.14%) were expressed in 4 tissues of root, stem, leaf and flower, but there were significant differences in expression levels. qRT-PCR analyses demonstrated that the 5 HpAP2 genes were differentially expressed under the treatment of 3 kinds of hormones. Among them, the gene expression of HpAP2-5, HpAP2-11, and HpAP2-18 were significantly upregulated when treated by abscisic acid (ABA), salicylic acid (SA), and gibberellin (GA), respectively, suggesting that these genes might play roles in the response to stress-related phytohormones. This study laid a foundation for further study on the function of HpAP2 genes and genetic improvement of H. perforatum. This study provides reference for further exploring the function of HpAP2 gene family and analyzing its regulatory mechanism in stress responses.
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Received: 05 July 2022
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Corresponding Authors:
* huiyongli8209@126.com
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