Advances in Sec Pathway Regulating Protein Transport Mechanism in Eukaryotes
CHEN Jiao1,2, GUO Long1,2,*, LI Fei1,2, LI Fa-Di1,2
1 State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem, Lanzhou 730020, China; 2 College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, China
Abstract：The general secretion pathway (Sec) is an essential pathway to regulate protein transport and widely exists in various types of cells. The ATPase can stimulate the Sec pathway, which promotes the transmembrane transport of enzyme proteins, and increases the secretion of trypsin in ruminant's pancreas. Based on the signal network, this review describes the regulation factors of functional amino acid and the mechanism of protein transport through the Sec pathway, which provides a theoretical basis for the regulation principle of secretory cells and the improvement of animal digestion by nutritional means.
[1] 郭龙. 2019. 亮氨酸和苯丙氨酸调控奶牛胰腺酶合成和分泌的信号传导网络[D]. 博士学位论文, 西北农林科技大学, 导师: 姚军虎. pp. 79-84. (Guo L.2019. Leucine and phenylalanine regulate pancreatic enzyme synthesis and secretion of dairy cow: The signal transduction network[D]. Thesie for Ph.D., Northwest A & F University, Supervisior: Yao J H, pp.79-84.) [2] 郭龙, 郑晨, 梁子琦, 等. 2018. 支链氨基酸对哺乳动物蛋白质周转的影响及机理研究进展[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 26: 995-1003. (Guo L, Zheng C, Liang Z, et al.2018. Research progress in effect of branch-chain amino acids on mammalian protein turnover and its mechanism[J]. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology. 26: 995-1003.) [3] 刘兰, 刘红云, 刘建新. 2016. 奶牛乳腺氨基酸代谢利用及其信号通路[J]. 动物营养学报, 28(2): 51-58. (Liu L, Liu H Y, Liu J X.2016. Metabolism and utilization of amino acids and their signaling pathways in bovine mammary gland[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 28(2):51-58.) [4] 时丽冉. 2004. 真核细胞内蛋白质的定向转运[J]. 衡水学院学报, 6(2):31-32. (Shi L R.2004. Directional transport of proteins in eukaryotic cells[J]. Journal of Hengshui University, 6(2):31-32.) [5] 姚军虎, 郭龙, 曹阳春. 2019. 日粮因素对反刍动物胰腺外分泌功能的调控[J]. 饲料工业, 40, 16. (Yao J H, Guo L, Cao Y C.2019. Regulation of dietary on pancreatic exocrine function in ruminants[J]. Feed Industry Magazine, 40, 16.) [6] 张友鸿. 2000. 大肠杆菌Sec依赖性蛋白质转运途径[J]. 微生物学免疫学进展, 28: 4. (Zhang Y H.2000. Sec-dependent protein transport pathway in Escherichia coli[J]. Progress in Microbiology and Immunology, 28: 4.) [7] Akopian D, Shen K, Zhang X, et al.2013. Signal recognition particle: an essential protein-targeting machine[J]. Annual Review of Biochemistry, 82:693-721. [8] Appuhamy J, Nayananjalie W A, England E M, et al.2014. Effects of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling and essential amino acids on mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling and protein synthesis rates in mammary cells[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 97(1):419-429. [9] Becker T, Bhushan S, Jarasch A, et al.2009. Structure of monomeric yeast and mammalian Sec61 complexes interacting with the translating ribosome[J]. Science, 326:1369-1373. [10] Blobel G, Dobberstein B.1975. Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immuno-globulin light chains on membrane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma[J]. Journal of Cell Biology, 67: 835-851. [11] Cao Y C, Liu K, Liu S M, et al.2019. Isoleucine regulates thesynthesis of pancreatic enzymes via the activation of mRNA expression and phosphorylation in the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling pathways in pancreatic tissues[J]. BioMed Research International, 63(2): 950. [12] Chatzi K E, Sardis M F, Karamanou S, et al.2013. Breaking on through to the other side: Protein export through the bacterial Sec system[J]. Biochemistry, 449: 25-37. [13] Ciechanover, Aaron.1994. The ubiquitin-proteasome proteolytic pathway[J]. Cell, 79(1): 13-21. [14] Connerly P L, Montegna E A, Strongin D E, et al.2005. Sec16 is a determinant of transitional ER organizatio[J]. Current Biology. 15: 1439-1447. [15] Dekker C, Kruijff B, Gros P.2003. Crystal structure of SecB from Escherichia coli[J]. Journal of Structural Biology, 144: 313-319. [16] Devaraneni P K, Conti B, Matsumura Y, et al.2011. Stepwise insertion and inversion of a type II signal anchor sequence in the ribosome-Sec61 translocon complex[J]. Cell, 146: 134-147. [17] Duong F, Wickner W.1997. Distinct catalytic roles of the SecYE, SecG and SecDFyajC subunits of preprotein translocase holoenzyme[J]. EMBO Journal, 16: 2756-2768. [18] Egea P F, Stroud R M.2010. Lateral opening of a translocon upon entry of protein suggests the mechanism of insertion into membranes[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 107: 82-87. [19] Erlandson K J, Miller S B, Nam Y, et al.2008. A role for the two-helix finger of the SecA ATPase in protein translocation[J]. Nature, 455: 984-987. [20] Fang J, Wei Y.2011. Expression, purification and characterization of the Escherichia coli integral membrane protein YajC[J]. Protein and Peptide Letters, 18: 601-608. [21] Frauenfeld J, Gumbart J, Sluis E O, et al.2011. Cryo-EM structure of the ribosome-SecYE complex in the membrane environment[J]. Nature Structural & Molecular Biology, 18: 614-621. [22] Gouridis G, Karamanou S, Gelis I, et al.2009. Signal peptides are allostericactivators of the protein translocase[J]. Nature, 462: 363-367. [23] Gumbart J C, Teo I, Roux B, et al.2013. Reconciling the roles of kinetic and thermodynamic factors in membrane-protein insertion[J]. Biophysical Journal, 135(6): 2291-2297. [24] Guo L, Zheng C, Tian H B, et al.2020. Leucine regulates α-amylase and trypsin synthesis in dairy calf pancreatic tissue in vitro via the mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway[J]. Animal, 13, 1899-1906. [25] Guo L, Liang Z, Zheng C, et al.2018a. Leucine affects α-amylase synthesis through PI3K/Akt-mTOR signaling pathways in pancreatic acinar cells of dairy calves[J]. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 66: 5149-5156. [26] Guo L, Liu B, Zheng C, et al.2018b. Inhibitory effect of high leucine concentration on α-amylase secretion by pancreatic acinar cells: possible key factor of proteasome[J]. Bioscience Reports, 38. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20181455. [27] Guo L, Tian H B, Shen J, et al.2018c. Phenylalanine regulates initiation of digestive enzyme mRNA translation in pancreatic acinar cells and tissue segments in dairy calves[J]. Bioscience Reports, 38. DOI: 10.1042/BSR20171189. [28] Hainzl T, Sauer-Eriksson A E.2015. Signal-sequence induced conformational changes in the signal recognition particle[J]. Nature Communication, 6: 7163. [29] Hamman B D, Hendershot L M, Johnson A E.1998. BiP maintains the permeability barrier of the ER membrane by sealing the lumenal end of the translocon pore before and early in translocation[J]. Cell, 92: 747-758. [30] Ivan V, Xanthakis D, Spoorendonk K M, et al.2008. Drosophila Sec16 mediates the biogenesis of tER sites upstream of Sar1 through an arginine-rich motif[J]. Molecular Biology of the Cell. 19: 4352-4365. [31] Kung L F, Pagant S, Futai E, et al.2012. Sec24p and Sec16p cooperate to regulate the GTP cycle of the COPII coat[J]. The EMBO Journal, 31: 1014-1027. [32] Le Gall S, Neuhof A, Rapoport T.2004. The endoplasmic reticulum membrane is permeable to small molecules[J]. Molecular Biology of the Cell, 15: 447-455. [33] Li W, Schulman S, Boyd D, et al.2007. The plug domain of the SecY protein stabilizes the closed state of the translocation channel and maintains a membrane sea[J]. Molecular Cell, 26: 511-521. [34] Lin P J, Jongsma C G, Liao S, et al.2011. Transmembrane segments of nascent polytopic membrane proteins control cytosol/ER targeting during membrane integration[J]. Cell Biology, 195: 41-54. [35] Liu K, Liu Y, Liu S M, et al.2015. Relationships between leucine and the pancreatic exocrine function for improving starch digestibility in ruminants[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 98: 2576-2582. [36] Liu K, Shen J, Cao Y C, et al.2017. Duodenal infusions of isoleucine influence pancreatic exocrine function in dairy heifers[J]. Archives of Animal Nutrition, 72(1): 1-11. [37] Menetret J F, Schaletzky J, Clemons W M, et al.2007. Ribosome binding of a single copy of the SecY complex: Implications for protein translocation[J]. Molecular Cell, 28: 1083-1092. [38] Milstein C, Brownlee G, Harrison T, et al.1972. A possible precursor of immunoglobulin light chains[J]. Nature New Biology, 239: 117-120. [39] Moshel Y, Rhoads R E,Barash I.2006. Role of amino acids in translational mechanisms governing milk protein synthesis in murine and ruminant mammary epithelial cells[J]. Journal of Cell Biochemistry, 98(3): 685. [40] Park E, Rapoport T A.2011. Preserving the membrane barrier for small molecules during bacterial protein translocation[J]. Nature, 473: 239-242. [41] Pechmann S, Chartron J W, Frydman J.2014. Local slowdown of translation by nonoptimal codons promotes nascent-chain recognition by SRP in vivo[J]. Nature Structural& Molecular Biology, 21: 1100-1105. [42] Pohlschroder M, Prinz W A, Hartmann E, et al.1997. Protein translocation in the three domains of life: Variations on a theme[J]. Cell, 91: 563-566. [43] Pugsley A P.1993. The complete general secretory pathway in gram-negative bacteria[J]. Microbiological Review, 57(1): 50-108. [44] Sala A, Bordes P, Genevaux P.2014. Multitasking SecB chaperones in bacteria[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5: 666. [45] Sardis M F, Economou A.2010. SecA: A tale of two protomers[J]. Molecular Microbiology, 76: 1070-1081. [46] Tam P C, Maillard A P, Chan K K, et al.2005. Investigating the SecY plug movement at the SecYEG translocation channel[J]. The EMBO Journal, 24: 3380-3388. [47] Tsirigotaki A, De Geyter J, Šoštaric N, et al.2017. Protein export through the bacterial Sec pathway[J]. Nature Reviews Microbiology, 15(1): 21-36. [48] Tsukazaki T, Mori H, Echizen Y, et al.2011. Structure and function of a membrane component SecDF that enhances protein export[J]. Nature, 474: 235-238. [49] Uhlén M, Fagerberg L, Hallström B M, et al.2015. Tissue-based map of the human proteome[J]. Science. 347: 6220. [50] Ventrucci G, Mello M A, Gomes-Marcondes M C.2004. Proteasome activity is altered in skeletal muscle tissue of tumour-bearing rats a leucine-rich diet[J]. Endocr Relat Cancer, 11: 887-895. [51] Voorhees R M, Fernandez I S, Scheres S H, et al.2014. Structure of the mammalian ribosome-Sec61 complex to 3.4 Å resolution[J]. Cell, 157: 1632-1643. [52] Walter P, Ibrahimi I, Blobel G.1981. Translocation of proteins across the endoplasmic reticulum. I. Signal recognition protein (SRP) binds to in-vitro-assembled polysomes synthesizing secretory protein[J]. Cell Biology, 91:545-550. [53] Wang Y, Liu J, Wu H, et al.2016. Amino acids regulate mTOR pathway and milk protein synthesis in a mouse mammary epithelial cell line is partly mediated by T1R1 /T1R3[J]. European Journal of Nutrition, 56(8):2467-2474. [54] Witte K, Schuh A L, Hegermann J, et al.2011. TFG-1 function in protein secretion and oncogenesis[J]. Nature Cell Biology. 13: 550-558. [55] Xu Z, Knafels J D, Yoshino K.2000. Crystal structure of the bacterial protein export chaperone SecB[J]. Nature Structural Biology, 7: 1172-1177. [56] Yin Y, Yao K, Liu Z, et al.2010. Supplementing L-leucine to a low-protein diet increases tissue protein synthesis in weanling pigs[J]. Amino Acids, 39(5): 1477-1486. [57] Yoder P S, Huang X, Teixeira I A, et al.2020. Effects of jugular infused methionine, lysine, and histidine as a group or leucine and isoleucine as a group on production and metabolism in lactating dairy cows[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 103(3): 15-18. [58] Yu K, Matzapetakis M, Horvatić A, et al.2010. Metabolome and proteome changes in skeletal muscle and blood of preweaning calves fed leucine and threonine supplemented diets[J]. Journal of Proteomics, 216, DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2020.103677.
