Abstract：Abstract Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) is an important oil and economic crop, but the breeding develops slowly for the narrow genetic resources and low genetic diversity. In order to search new breeding method and broaden the germplasm resources, new peanut germplasms were created by fast neutron irradiation and in vitro tissue. Dry seeds of peanut variety Luhua 11 were irradiated by fast neutron irradiation with dosage of 9.7 Gy. The explants of embryonic leaflets were separated from the irradiated seeds and inoculated on the media containing 10 mg/L 2,4-D for inducing somatic embryo formation. After 4 weeks culture, the subcultures were transferred to the media supplemented with 4 mg/L 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) for inducing somatic embryo germination and plant regeneration. The regenerated plantlets were grafted and transplanted into field. Some mutants with characteristics of long stem and branch, early maturing, easy to sprout, variable pod shape and orange endopleura have been obtained. A new peanut variety Yuhua 5 with the characteristics of early maturity, lodging-resistant and suitable for mechanized harvesting was also obtained. Yuhua 5 had passed peanut variety regional multi-location trials in Liaoning province 2015, and the yield of which was 15.03% higher than control variety Baisha 17. The research showed that it is a new and effective way of creating new germplasms and breeding new varieties by irradiation and in vitro tissue in peanut. A new peanut variety Yuhua 5 has been cultivated by this way.
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