Abstract：Abstract Transgenic animal as bioreactors is a novel expression system capable of producing foreign proteins in live animal tissues and body fluids at an industrial scale level, such as the milk, blood, urine, seminal plasma and egg white. The use of the transgenic animal as bioreactors offers attractive advantages, residing on the low production costs allied to high productivity and quality and easy purification of the recombinant proteins. Since recombinant human antithrombin Ⅲ (ATryn), purified from the milk of transgenic goats (Capra hircus), was first approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for marketing in European Union countries on February 6, 2009, this novel protein production system revolutionized the landscape of scientific and marketing possibilities of biopharmaceutical. Human lysozyme (hLZ), as a natural non-specific immune protein, is an important component of human breast milk. It hydrolyzes the glycosidic β-(1-4) linkage between Nacetylmuramic acid and N-acetylglucosamine of the peptidoglycan polymer in the bacterial cell wall and plays an important role in killing bacteria, modulating the inflammatory response, influencing the composition of intestinal microbiota populations. Compared to hen egg white lysozyme, hLZ is a safe and non-allergenic protein, which has more lytic activity. hLZ could be widely used in food preservation, infant milk powder, antibacterial anti-inflammatory drugs and antibiotic substitution. However, its commercial use is very limited due to the poor source of human breast milk. In this paper, we firstly summarized the progresses of recombinant human lysozyem expressed in the milk of transgenic mouse, cows, goats and pigs, and in the egg whites of transgenic hens. Then we talked about the physicochemical properties, purification process and biological function of recombinant human lysozyme, and biosafety evaluation of transgenic animals. Finally, we analyzed the existing problems and the future development of the industrialization of human lysozyme transgenic animal. Overall, the review aimed at providing better understanding of hLZ transgenic animal and industrialization to researchers.
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