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2025年8月6日 星期三
  2016, Vol. 24 Issue (9): 1285-1292    
  专家论坛 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
细胞非对称分裂与姐妹染色体非随机分离研究进展
雷安民1,赵利杰1,刘兆霖2,陈瑞3
1. 西北农林科技大学
2. 西北农林科技大学 创新实验学院
3. 西北农林科技大学动物医学院陕西省干细胞工程技术研究中心
Nonrandom Sister Chromatid Segregation in Drosophila melanogaster Male Germline Stem Cells Review
2, 2, 2
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摘要 细胞非对称分裂与染色体非随机分离一直是生命科学研究领域的热点,细胞非对称分裂包含形态学非对称分裂与功能性非对称分裂,对于生命世代延续与维持个体组织功能完整意义重大。近年来,在生殖细胞与干细胞研究领域,对于细胞非对称分裂现象的研究取得了一些新的进展,这些进展有助于理解和认识细胞非对称分裂的形成及其调控机制。哺乳动物卵母细胞成熟过程中非对称分裂(形成较大体积的卵子和较小体积的极体)是形态学非均等分裂的代表;而损伤所诱发的干细胞的增殖则是细胞功能性非对称分裂的代表,这一过程所产生的两个后代细胞尽管形态近似,但是具有不同的命运与功能,一个留在原来微环境中继续维持干细胞特性,另外一个则分化成为功能性细胞,替代坏损细胞的功能。细胞在形态学与功能性的非均等分裂,其根源都是细胞核物质的选择性分离。果蝇(Drosophila melanogaster)的精巢组织可在体外进行活体显微观察,能够对精原干细胞的细胞非对称分裂与姐妹染色体分离的实时观察研究,近年来细胞非对称分裂与姐妹染色体分离的研究结果主要来自果蝇。本文结合近年来关于果蝇精原干细胞的姐妹染色体的非对称分离的研究,对细胞非对称分离的假说、研究手段及其可能的调控机制等进行回顾总结,希望能为该领域的未来发展提供一些思路与借鉴。
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雷安民
赵利杰
刘兆霖
陈瑞
关键词 细胞非对称分裂染色体非随机分离选择性传递    
Abstract:Asymmetric cell division and nonrandom sister chromatid segregation are the hotspot in the field of life science. Asymmetric cell division includes morphological asymmetric division and functional asymmetrical division. Asymmetric cell division is very important for sustainable life and organizational integrity. In recent years, in the field of germ cell and stem cell research, studies on the phenomenon of asymmetric cell division made some new progress, these developments will be helpful to understanding and knowing the formation of asymmetric cell division and its regulation mechanisms. Mammalian oocytes maturation asymmetrical division (form a larger volume of eggs and small volume of polar body) is a representative of the morphology of equal division; stem cells proliferation induced by tissue injure is functional representatives of asymmetrical divisions, a process that although two offspring produced by cells form approximation, but have different fate and function, one stay in micro environment to maintain the original stem cell properties, and the other is to differentiate into functional cells to replace damaged cells function. Asymmetric cell division is rooted in nonrandom sister chromatid segregation (optional). The testis tissue of Drosophila melanogaster can be microscopic observation in vivo in vitro of spermatogonial stem cells and in the asymmetric division and sister chromosome separation can be real-time observation. In recent years, asymmetric cell division and sister chromosome separation results mainly from fruit flies. According to the reports of nonrandom sister chromatid segregation of Drosophila melanogaster spermatogonial stem cells in recent years, the review will explain the hypothesis and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division, and try to assume the future development of the field. It can provide some ideas for the future development of the field.
Key wordsAsymmetric cell division    Nonrandom sister chromatid segregation    Transmit distinct epigenetic information
收稿日期: 2015-12-22      出版日期: 2016-07-22
通讯作者: 雷安民     E-mail: anminleiryan@nwsuaf.edu.cn
引用本文:   
雷安民 赵利杰 刘兆霖 陈瑞. 细胞非对称分裂与姐妹染色体非随机分离研究进展[J]. , 2016, 24(9): 1285-1292.
链接本文:  
http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/     或     http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2016/V24/I9/1285
 
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