Abstract：Wheat (Triticum aestivum) landraces have strong adaptability to the local natural ecological condition and corresponding production potential. Therefore, identifying good resources of production, quality, disease and insects resistance from wheat landraces, as well as expanding the current genetic basis of breeding parents, have been highly valued. In this study, the phenotypic data were obtained with 64 wheat landraces from Sichuan province which were grown in 3 environments across 2 years and 231 SSR markers were selected from meta-quantitative trait locus (MQTL) controlling yield or quality related traits, and association analysis was then used to reveal the genetic effect of wheat landraces from Sichuan province. Phenotype analysis showed that Sichuan landraces generally belong to medium-gluten or weak-gluten wheat, having the properties of floribunda, multiple seeds, high tillering ability and high earing rate. The heritability was high (＞50%) in effective tiller number, plant height, spikelet density, spike length, fertile spikelet number and sedimentation value. A total of 18 SSR markers were associated with yield and quality related traits including one (Xgwm372) simultaneously associated with yield and quality traits, 4 (Xwmc112, Xcfd5, Xwmc317, and Xgwm372) significantly stable, and 3 loci (Xcfd5, Xgwm328, and Xbarc181) newly identified to be associated with yield traits. Negative correlations were found between spike length and spikelet density, with 2 common associated markers Xgwm328 and Xcfd5. Besides, the marker region Xgwm448-Xgwm328-Xgwm372 (8.0 cM) on chromosome 2A was associated with spike length in multiple environments. These results may facilitate the excavation and utilization of elite genes carried by Sichuan wheat landraces.
