Abstract：In wheat breeding, young ear development process and photosynthesis are two factors which must be considered. In this study, a complete set of wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica disomic alien addition lines were studied on young ear development process and photosynthesis. The purpose of this article is to map associated genetic traits on chromosome, and comprehensive evaluation of the young ear development process and photosynthetic effect of Psathyrostachys huashanica alien chromosomes. The sequenced characterized amplified region (SCAR) maker identification showed that all of this wheat-Psathyrostachys huashanica disomic alien addition lines had Psathyrostachys huashanica chromosomes. Anatomic observation indicated that the young ear of the addition line of 6Ns developed fastest, and the mature period shortened 14~16 days compared with parents 7182; the development rate of the 5Ns and 2Ns addition line were behind, and the mature period of the 4Ns addition line were 6~7 days later compared with parents 7182. The photosynthetic indexes determination showed that the photosynthetic rate of the 1Ns addition line had reached at 23.73 μmol/(m2·s), made the largest contribution, with a significant difference (P＜0.05) from wheat 7182 (15.73 μmol/(m2·s)) and suggesting a significantly positive effect. However the 3Ns (11.10 μmol/(m2·s)) and 6Ns (11.64 μmol/(m2·s)) addition line made a least contribution, suggesting a significantly negative effect. All results showed that the 6Ns and 1Ns chromosomes might have the genes which can promote young ear development and high photosynthesis efficiency, and can play an important role in germplasm improvement of existing varieties.
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