Molecular Cytogenetic Identification of a Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-Barley(Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichon Hsü.) Dwarf Introgression Line WB29 and Its Dwarf Traits Genetic Analysis
Abstract：The new germplasm WB29 with an average height of 57 cm was a dwarf line of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) which was selected from the derived lines after crossing and backcrossing multi-generational between common wheat 7182 and two-rowed barley (Hordeum vulgare ssp. distichon Hsü.). Cytology observation, plants height investigation, gibberellic acid reaction and molecular markers technology were used to identify this material and its heredity of dwarf traits. Cytology identification showed that the chromosome number of root-tip cell was 2n=42, no obvious hybridization signal was observed in genomic in situ hybridization (GISH) with two-rowed barley genomic DNA acted as a probe. Specific sequence-tagged site (STS) markers of barley ABG459 (2HS) could amplify specific bands of barley from WB29. Ten pairs of specific molecular markers for wheat dwarfing genes (reduced height gene, Rht) were applied to identify two-rowed barley, 7182, WB29 and Chinese spring and the result showed that 7182 and WB29 had Rht-D1b while none of the 10 Rht were detected in barley and Chinese spring. BC1F1 and F2 population were derived from crossing between WB29 and Chinese, and the statistical analysis of these two derived population indicated the dwarf traits of WB29 was controlled by one pair of incomplete dominance gene. Gibberellic acid reaction pointed that WB29 was a gibberellic-insensitive type of wheat. STS of barley ABG459 (2HS) was used to evaluate F2 population and 343 plants were found to have the barley 2HS chromosome. Wheat dwarfing gene Rht-D1b in F2 population was also detected and the result showed that 322 plants contained Rht-D1b. Linkage analysis showed that STS marker ABG459 was closely linked to the main dwarfing gene of WB29 at a genetic distance of 7.0 cM, while Rht-D1b was not linked to this main dwarfing gene. The result above had defined that WB29 did contain the barley 2HS chromosome and the dwarfing gene of WB29 which had played an important role in reducing the plant height may be located right in the barley 2HS chromosome sequence or near its insertion site. The conclusion of this research had fixed that WB29 was a wheat-barley hybrids which not only enriched the germplasm resources of wheat-barley hybrids, but also enriched the dwarf germplasm and had a certain significance in expending the application field of dwarfing genes since the main dwarfing gene of WB29 may be derived from barley and it may be a new dwarf resource.
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