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| The Effect of CCN1 on the Replication of Influenza A virus and Influenza B virus in MDCK Cells |
| TANG Tian1,2, YANG Chen-Hao1,3, LI Cheng-Fang1,3, HE Ting1,2, XU Ling-Long1,2, LIU Zhen-Bin1,3, QIAO Zi-Lin1,3,* |
1 Engineering Research Center of Key Technologies for Cell-Based Vaccines and Industrialization, Ministry of Education/Gansu Provincial Animal Cell Technology Innovation Center, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China;
2 College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou, 730030, China;
3 Key Laboratory of Bioengineering and Technology, State Ethnic Affairs Commission, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China |
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Abstract Cellular communication network factor 1 (CCN1), an extracellular matrix-associated protein critical for inflammation control and tissue repair, has not yet been functionally characterized in antiviral innate immunity. In this study, Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells were infected with Influenza virus to dissect the role of CCN1 during Influenza A virus (IAV) and Influenza B virus (IBV) replication and the underlying signaling pathways. CCN1-knock-down and over-expressing cell lines were established, and viral replication was quantified by qPCR, Western blot and 50% tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) assays. To trigger innate immune signaling, MDCK cells were stimulated with interferon-β (IFN-β) or low-/high-molecular-weight (LMW/HMW) polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly(I:C)). Influenza virus infection strongly up-regulated CCN1 transcription: Increases of (8.48±0.17)-fold (H1N1), (9.96±0.31-fold) (BY), (16.37±0.74)-fold (H5N1) and (16.20±0.53)-fold (H3N2) were observed. After treatment with the innate immune signaling pathway activator Poly(I:C)(LMW), the expression of CCN1 was significantly upregulated in MDCK cells. In MDCK cells overexpressing CCN1, the expression levels of Influenza virus nucleoprotein (NP) and non-structural protein 1 (NS1) genes were significantly upregulated following infection. In CCN1-over-expressing cells challenged with IAV, NP and NS1 levels rose significantly, by (4.871±0.02478) and (4.410±0.2532) times, respectively, compared with the control group. MDCK cells with CCN1 knockdown exhibited a significant downregulation in the expression levels of viral NP and NS1 genes following Influenza virus infection. Moreover, CCN1 over-expression suppressed JAK-STAT downstream genes. Collectively, CCN1 regulated innate immunity during Influenza virus infection. This study providing a new strategy for targeted screening of vaccine high-yielding vaccine cell substrates.
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Received: 21 October 2025
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Corresponding Authors:
*qiaozilin@xbmu.edu.cn
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