Gene Expression and Elite Alleles Analysis of the ADP-glucose Transporter BT1 Family in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)
YUN Le-Tong1,2, CHEN Tao1,2, GUO Li-Jian1, CHE Zhuo1, TIAN Tian1,3, ZHANG Yan-Yan1, WANG Peng1,3, YANG De-Long1,2,*
1 State Key Laboratory of Arid land Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China; 2 College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China; 3 College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Abstract：BRITTLE1 (BT1) mediates the unidirectional transmembrane transport of ADP-glucose (ADP-Glc), which is critical in starch synthesis. However, systematic studies on the members of the BT1 gene family and their biological functions remain lacking in wheat (Triticum aestivum). In this study, genome-wide identification, gene expression pattern, and elite alleles analysis of the BT1 family genes were conducted in wheat. Phylogenetic analysis, protein structure characterization, prediction of cis-acting elementin promoters, and qRT-PCR were employed to investigate the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of BT1 family genes in wheat. Additionally, elite alleles of TaBT1 family members were screened. Phylogenetic and structural analysis indicated that the wheat TaBT1 protein shared a close evolutionary relationship with barley (Hordeum vulgare) HvBT1 protein. A total of 9 TaBT1 genes were identified in the wheat genome, all of encoding proteins containing the Mito-carr domain. Moreover, members within the same group exhibited similar conserved protein domains, indicating high evolutionary conservation of the TaBT1 gene family. The promoter regions of the TaBT1 genes contained various plant growth and development related cis-acting elements. TaBT1 genes were predominantly highly expressed in wheat grains, with the highest expression levels detected in the endosperm. Among the TaBT1 gene family members, 8 TaBT1 genes exhibited distinct alleles, with 3 showing alleles significantly associated with grain traits. Elite alleles of TaBT1-1A and TaBT1-1B were showed clear geographical differentiation across major wheat producing regions. This study provides a theoretical foundation for the biological function of the TaBT1 genes in regulating wheat grain development and their potential application in elite allele-based breeding.
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