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| The Development of Magnesium Transport Systems in Organisms |
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Abstract Magnesium is the most abundant divalent cation in cells and acts as a critical role in organism growth and development. It has the largest hydrated radius, the smallest ionic radius, and the highest charge density. It is very important for organism to transport magnesium within or among cells because of its specially chemical and physical characteristics. Previous research focused on structural features, physiological function and pathology of magnesium deficiency, and have made great progress in photosynthesis, activating enzymes, stabilizing genomic, inhibiting aging , alleviating Al toxicity and adjusting N metabolism. Our understanding of magnesium crystal structure, signaling of magnesium stress and cellular homeostasis is still in its infancy. Some magnesium transporters have been cloned from organism, such as prokaryote, yeast, mammal and plant, also analyzed the structure, function and subcelluar localization of this magnesium transporters. According to the different structure or function of this magnesium transports, they are divided into six disparate family: Cobalt resistance A (Cor A), Arabidopsis thaliana magnesium-proton exchanger(AtMHX), cation channal, P-type ATPase, magnesium transport E(MgtE) family and other magnesium transports. The structure or function of different members which belong to the same family appears to be closely related. The CorA family is the most extensively studied magnesium transport system, and appears to be the primary magnesium transport system, which exists widely in fungi, bacteria, animals and plants with effectively mediating both influx and efflux of magnesium. This paper reviews the research progress of those magnesium transporter systems, and aims to provide some useful references for the later research
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Received: 14 December 2011
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