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Abstract After the accomplishment of the sequence of multiple plant genomes a major effort was started to elucidate the biological function of all open reading frames of these organisms by targeted gene replacement. At the same time, gene targeting which can avoid the deficiency of plant gene transform is a powerful tool for plant genetic modification. Although it is very widely used in yeast and mouse embryonic stem cell, gene targeting is inefficient in plant because of low homologous recombination frequency. Recently, zinc finger nuclease becomes a focus in bioscience because it can stimulate high efficient homologous recombination. Chimeric oligonucleotides, which can stimulate single base replacement, can be a useful tool for plant breeding. The finding that modulating the function of some plant genes can produce plants with a hyper-recombination phenotype bring a hope to the final use of gene targeting technique. It can be forecasted that the set up of efficient gene targeting technique can make an evolutionary progress in both molecular biology and plant breeding science.
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Received: 26 March 2007
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