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| Transcriptome Sequencing Reveals the Molecular Mechanism of Seasonal Changes in Spines of Quasipaa spinosa |
| HU Yi-Bin1, JIANG Ze-Yuan1, ZHOU Yi-Yan2, ZHAO Xiao-Rui1, ZHANG Shu-Sheng3, ZHENG Rong-Quan1,4,* |
1 Provincial Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation and Utilization Technology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China;
2 College of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China;
3 The Management Center of Wuyanling National Natural Reserve in Zhejiang, Wenzhou 325500, China;
4 Xingzhi College, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua 321004, China |
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Abstract Quasipaa spinosa, a characteristic economic amphibian in China, have both gastronomic and medicinal values. As a sexual dimorphic feature of frogs, the spines of Q. spinosa skin derivatives are of great significance to improve the success rate of holding and also an important classification and identification feature of Tribe Paini. The molecular mechanism of its generation and changes will help to clarify the phylogenetic relationship of the amphibian Tribe Paini. In order to explore the molecular mechanism of the seasonal changes in spines of the Q. spinosa, this study performed transcriptome sequencing on 3 sets of samples from the breast skin of the male Q. spinosa during the breeding period and post-breeding period and the abdomen skin of the male Q. spinosa during the breeding period. A total of 100 312 Unigenes were obtained. After annotation, the result showed that the expression of multiple keratinizing protein genes significantly increased in the breast skin of male Q. spinosa during the breeding period. Genes related to apoptosis, cell proliferation and sex hormone synthesis were found in the differentially expressed genes of chest spiny skin in breeding period and post-breeding period. KEGG analysis showed that multiple differentially expressed genes were found to be enriched in the intercellular lipid metabolism of the skin stratum corneum. It was speculated that the increased keratin gene expression during the breeding period was one of the direct causes of the formation of spines. The reduction of lipid synthesis in the stratum corneum of the skin and the slowdown of cell proliferation might cause the spines to become smaller. In addition, the expression of genes related to sex hormone synthesis decreased during the breedding period to post-breeding period, indicating that the seasonal changes in spines of the Q. spinosa might be regulated by hormone changes. The 15 differentially expressed genes were verified by qPCR, the results showed that the transcriptome results were reliable. This study elucidates the molecular mechanism of spine formation and seasonal changes in Q. spinosa, the findings provide the basis for taxonomic classification of Q. spinosa, and a reference for related candidate genes and metabolic pathways for the seasonal variation and sexual dimorphism of skin derivatives of other vertebrates.
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Received: 16 November 2021
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Corresponding Authors:
*zhengrq@zjnu.cn
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