Abstract Retrotransposons are a type of functional element that can complete self-replication in the genome, use RNA as an intermediary, and integrate into other sites of the genome under the action of reverse transcriptase. The increasing copy number of retrotransposons in the biological genome is a major reason for the enlargement of the genome, and it is also the main source of genetic variation and the driving force for genome evolution. The transposition of retrotransposons breaks, rearranges, and forms chromosomes. Structural mutations such as insertion mutations also participate in the apparent regulation of the genome and the formation of heterochromatin structures, and are closely linked to changes in the structure and function of genes; the effects of retrotransposons on genomes, transcriptomes, and functional genes have become postgenomes research hotspots of the times. This article reviews the structural characteristics of animal transposon, its function in gene expression, the role of transposon in animal genome evolution in recent years, and its application as a molecular marker in animal production. This review provids reference for the functional role of retrotransposons in animal genomes and transcriptomes, as well as in animal production, and animal genetics and breeding.
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