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| Effects of Microbial Fertilizers on Soil Improvement and Bacterial Communities in Saline-alkali Soils of Lycium barbarum |
| WANG Dan1, ZHAO Ya-Guang1, MA Rui1, YANG Peng1, ZHANG Cheng2, ZHOU Dong-Jiao2, SUN Fu-Xin2, ZHANG Feng-Hua1,* |
1 Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture of Xinjiang Bingtuan, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, China;
2 Jiangsu Guoxin Union Energy Co., Ltd., Yixin 214200, China |
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Abstract Soil salinization has caused serious harm to the security of cultivated land and hinders the sustainable development of agriculture. Bioremediation has great potential because of its lasting effect and high ecological benefit. This study adopted field test methods, six treatments were set up: Conventional fertilizer (CK), DF-3 bacterial fertilizer (T1), DF-7 bacterial fertilizer (T2), LT bacterial fertilizer (T3); LP bacterial fertilizer (T4) and commercial bacterial fertilizer (T5), to study their effects on the chemical properties and the enzyme activities of of saline soils of Lycium barbarum, and to analyze the changes of bacterial community structure and diversity by using high-throughput sequencing technology, and the best microbial fertilizer for improving saline-alkali soils was found. The results showed that compared with the conventional fertilizer (CK), the pH and total salt content of different bacterial fertilizer treatments significantly decreased in that the pH values decreased 0.93%~3.50% (P<0.05), total salt content decreased 1.30%~9.42% (P<0.05), and the inhibition effects of T1 and T4 were very obvious; The contents of available K and P increased most after the application of T1, which were 14.57% and 129.69% (P<0.05) and higher than those of CK, respectively. The contents of alkali hydrolyzed N increased most by using T5, which was 80.70% (P<0.05) and higher than that of CK, and the content of organic matter increased most when T2 was used, which was 47.61% (P<0.05) and higher than that of CK. The activities of urease and sucrase in the soil treated with T1 were the highest, which were 2.31 and 19.44 (P<0.05) times of CK, respectively. The activities of alkaline phosphatase and protease in the soil treated with T4 were the highest, which were 1.72 and 0.97 (P<0.05) times of CK, respectively. In addition to T1, the combined application of bacterial fertilizers increased the bacterial operational taxonomic units number and Chao1 index, and T4 and T5 increased the bacterial Shannon index. Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Gemmatimonadetes were the dominant groups, and their relative richness together accounted for the total bacteria 82.72%~87.24% of the total. According to redundancy analysis, 69.88% of the change in the bacterial communities was due to physical and chemical factors and enzyme activities of the soils. The dominant phyla were Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi in all treatments. At the genus levels, the relative abundance of Pseudomonas and Bacillus were higher than in other treatments by using T1. There was a positive correlation between Proteobacteria and Firmicutes. Soil protease, urease, sucrase, and catalase activities were positively correlated with Bacteroidetes. Combined application of microbial fertilizer could improve soil fertility and soil enzyme activities, change the composition and structure of bacterial communities, and was beneficial to the improvement of saline-alkali soils, T1 and T4 were better in eliminating soil salinity and recovering beneficial microorganisms in salinized Lycium barbarum farmland, which would provide theoretical basis and technical reference for scientific improvement of saline-alkali soils.
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Received: 03 February 2020
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Corresponding Authors:
*zfh2000@126.com
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