Abstract Transcriptome sequencing is a rapid and efficient way to obtain gene expression information. Betula luminifera is one of the superior woody species in China. In order to excavate the genes involved in its wood formation, the transcriptome sequencing, sequencing data assembly, and functional annotation and classification of the sequences were conducted by using the stems and leaves as materials in this study. Then the full-length cDNAs of S-adenosylmethionine synthase (SAMS) gene were isolated by RACE technique. The sequence feature and phylogenetic tree were analyzed by using bioinformatics software, such as DNAStar, MAGA7.0, and the expression pattern was detected by fluorescence quantitative RCR. The results showed that a total of 1.9 Gbp sequencing data was obtained, and were assembled into 54 577 Unigenes. By BLAST comparison against the NR (non-redundant protein database) and the Swiss-Prot protein sequence database, 65.8% (35 920) of Unigenes were annotated, which corresponded to 24 482 Unique protein accessions. Among these annotated Unigenes, 7 954 and 9 997 were assigned to Gene Ontology (GO) classes and Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG), respectively. Based on transcriptomes sequencing, BlSAMS1, BlSAMS2 and BlSAMS3 were cloned, with the cDNA length of 1 578 bp, 1 555 bp and 1 266 bp, respectively. The molecular weights of the corresponding encoded proteins were 42.9, 43.1 and 42.7 kD, each of which contained typical conservative domains of SAMS protein. Phylogenetic tree showed that BlSAMS1 was grouped with Catharanthus roseus SAMS2, and BlSAMS2, Malus xiaojinensis SAMS, and Vitis vinifera SAMS4 were in the same clade. BlSAMS3 was clustered into a clade with Arabidopsis thaliana SAMS3 and Pinus pinaster SAMS1, which were involved in lignin biosynthesis. The expression levels of BlSAMS1 were relatively high in leaf samples. The BlSAMS2 and BlSAMS3 were predominantly expressed in stem and xylem, and their expression levels in stem increased as the lignification progressed. It could be speculated that the BlSAMS3 played an important role in lignin biosynthesis of B. luminifera wood. Transcriptome information and the BlSAMSs expression patterns could lay a foundation for further dissection on the molecular mechanism of B. luminifera wood formation.
NIE Fei,LI Wen-Hao,SA Miao-Miao, et al. Analysis of Transcriptome and the S-adenosylmethionine Synthetase (SAMS) Genes in Betula luminifera[J]. , 2018, 26(3): 410-420.
[1]黄华宏.2012. 基于转录组测序的光皮桦应拉木形成分子机制研究[D]. 浙江大学. (Huang H H. 2012. Studies [2]余涛, 支立峰, 彭论, 等.烟草中一条新-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的克隆及表达分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2004, 22(4):277-283 [3]朱晶莹, 王寒玉, 张晏萌, 等.玉米-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因家族成员在盐胁迫条件下的差异表达[J].核农学报, 2011, 25(3):427-431 [4]朱妍婕, 孔瑾, 王忆, 等.小金海棠-腺苷甲硫氨酸合成酶基因的克隆和表达分析[J].武汉植物学研究, 2009, 17(1):121-125 [5]Breusegem F V, Dekeyser R, Gielen J, et al.Characterization of a S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in rice[J].Plant Physiology, 1994, 105(4):1463-1464 [6]Belbahri L, Chevalier L, Bensaddek L, et al.Different expression of an S-adenosylmethionine synthetase gene in transgenic tobacco callus modifies alkaloid biosynthesis[J].Biotechnology Bioengineering, 2000, 69(1):11-20 [7]Chan K L, New D, Ghandhi S, et al.Transcript levels of the eukaryotic translation initiation factor 5A gene peak at early G1 phase of the cell cycle in the dinoflagellate Crypthecodinium cohnii[J].Applied & Environmental Microbiology, 2002, 68(5):2278-2284 [8]Constantinos P, Jae-Heung K, Jaemo Y, et al.Transcriptome profiling of vertical stem segments provides insights into the genetic regulation of secondary growth in hybrid aspen trees[J].Plant & Cell Physiology, 2005, 46(8):1213-1225 [9]Chang Le, Chen J J, Xiao Y M, et al.De novo characterization of Lycoris sprengeri transcriptome using illumina GA ii[J].African Journal of Biotechnology, 2011, 10(57):12147-12155 [10]Chen J, Chen B, Zhang D.Transcript profiling of Populus tomentosa genes in normal,tension,and opposite wood by RNA-seq[J].BMC Genomics, 2015, 16(1):164-177 [11]Espartero J, Pintortoro J A, Pardo J M.Differential accumulation of S-adenosylmethionine synthetase transcripts in response to salt stress[J].Plant Molecular Biology, 1994, 25(2):217-227 [12]Kirst M, Myburg A A, De León J P, et al.Coordinated genetic regulation of growth and lignin revealed by quantitative trait locus analysis of cDNA microarray data in an interspecific backcross of eucalyptus[J].Plant Physiology, 2004, 135(4):2368-2378 [13]Lindroth A M, Saarikoski P, Flygh G, et al.Two S-adenosylmethionine synthetase-encoding genes differentially expressed during adventitious root development in Pinus contorta[J].Plant Molecular Biology, 2001, 46(3):335-346 [14]Lee B R, Kim K Y, Jung W J, et al.Peroxidases and lignification in relation to the intensity of water-deficit stress in white clover (Trifolium repens L)[J].Journal of Experimental Botany, 2007, 58(6):1271-1279 [15]Li R, Zhu H, Ruan J, et al.De novo assembly of human genomes with massively parallel short read sequencing[J].Genome Research, 2010, 20(2):265-272 [16]Meng H, Campbell W H.Substrate profiles and expression of caffeoyl coenzyme A and caffeic acid O-methyltransferases in secondary xylem of aspen during seasonal development[J].Plant Molecular Biology, 1998, 38(4):513-520 [17]Peleman J, Boerjan W, Engler G, et al.Strong cellular preference in the expression of a housekeeping gene of Arabidopsis thaliana encoding S-adenosylmethionine synthetase[J].Plant Cel, 1989, 1(1):81-93 [18]Qiu Z, Wan L, Chen T, Wan Y, et al.The regulation of cambial activity in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata) involves extensive transcriptome remodeling[J].New Phytologist, 2013, 199(3):708-719 [19]Shen B, Li C, Tarczynski M C.High free-methionine and decreased lignin content result from a mutation in the Arabidopsis S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase 3 gene[J].The Plant Journal: for cell and molecular biology, 2002, 29(3):371-380 [20]Sánchez-Aguayo I, Rodríguez-Galán J M, García R, et al.Salt stress enhances xylem development and expression of S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthase in lignifying tissues of tomato plants[J].Planta, 2004, 220(2):278-285 [21]Shi C Y, Hua Y, Wei C L, et al.Deep sequencing of the Camellia sinensis transcriptome revealed candidate genes for major metabolic pathways of tea-specific compounds[J].BMC Genomics, 2011, 12(1):131-150 [22]Tabor C W, Tabor H.Methionine adenosyltransferase (S-adenosylmethionine synthetase) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase.[J].Advances in Enzymology & Related Areas of Molecular Biology,, 1984, 56:251-282 [23]Tabuchi T, Kawaguchi Y, Azuma T, et al.Similar regulation patterns of choline monooxygenase,phosphoet hanolamine N-methylt ransferase and S-adenosyl-L-methionine synthetase in leaves of the halophyte Atriplex nummularial[J].Plant & Cell Physiology, 2005, 46(46):505-513 [24]Tuskan G A, Difazio S, Jansson S, et al.The genome of black cottonwood,Populus trichocarpa (Torr& Gray)[J].Science, 2006, 313(5793):1596-1604 [25]Tamura K, Dudley J, Nei M, et al.MEGA4: Molecular evolutionary genetics analysis (MEGA) software version 40[J].Molecular Biology & Evolution, 2007, 24(24):1596-1599 [26]Villalobos D P, Díaz-Moreno S M, Said E S S, et al.Reprogramming of gene expression during compression wood formation in pine: coordinated modulation of S-adenosylmethionine,lignin and lignan related genes[J].BMC Plant Biology, 2012, 12(1):1-17 [27]Yang S, Hoffman N.Ethylene biosynthesis and its regulation in higher plants[J].Annual Review Plant Physiology, 1984, 35(1):155-189 [28]Yang H, Mao Y X, Yang G P, et al.Profiling of the transcriptome of Porphyra yezoensis with Solexa sequencing technology[J].Science Bulletin, 2011, 56(20):2119-2130
