Abstract Asymmetric cell division and nonrandom sister chromatid segregation are the hotspot in the field of life science. Asymmetric cell division includes morphological asymmetric division and functional asymmetrical division. Asymmetric cell division is very important for sustainable life and organizational integrity. In recent years, in the field of germ cell and stem cell research, studies on the phenomenon of asymmetric cell division made some new progress, these developments will be helpful to understanding and knowing the formation of asymmetric cell division and its regulation mechanisms. Mammalian oocytes maturation asymmetrical division (form a larger volume of eggs and small volume of polar body) is a representative of the morphology of equal division; stem cells proliferation induced by tissue injure is functional representatives of asymmetrical divisions, a process that although two offspring produced by cells form approximation, but have different fate and function, one stay in micro environment to maintain the original stem cell properties, and the other is to differentiate into functional cells to replace damaged cells function. Asymmetric cell division is rooted in nonrandom sister chromatid segregation (optional). The testis tissue of Drosophila melanogaster can be microscopic observation in vivo in vitro of spermatogonial stem cells and in the asymmetric division and sister chromosome separation can be real-time observation. In recent years, asymmetric cell division and sister chromosome separation results mainly from fruit flies. According to the reports of nonrandom sister chromatid segregation of Drosophila melanogaster spermatogonial stem cells in recent years, the review will explain the hypothesis and mechanisms of asymmetric cell division, and try to assume the future development of the field. It can provide some ideas for the future development of the field.
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