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| Genetic Diversity of Microsatellite DNA Among the Cattle (Bos taurus) Population in the Qinling-Bashan Mountain Area |
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Abstract To analyze the genetic diversity of 4 cattle (Bos taurus) species respectively including Xizhen cattle, Chiya cattle, Yunba cattle and Xuanhan cattle in Qinling-Bashan Mountain area, the research chose Shuxuan breed cattle and local varieties of Jiaxian Red Cattle as the control, studied the genetic diversity of 289 cattle individuals from 6 cattle species by using 12 pairs of micro satellite primers to detect the genetic diversity, and analyze the allele and their frequency, the number of effective alleles, genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and genetic distance among populations, and conducting cluster analysis. The results showed that 110 alleles were found at 12 microsatellite loci in 6 cattle breeds. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.001 6 to 0.517 3 and the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 7.132 6 to 2.787 7. The polymorphism information content of each point ranged from 0.519 2 to 0.895 3. The average heterozygosity was from 0.667 2 to 0.724 1. Eleven unique alleles were found among the populations and the gene frequency was from 0.008 1 to 0.381 6. The dominant allele was 19(P＞0.4) and the gene frequency was from 0.403 2 to 0.820 0. There were 41 common alleles, accounting for 37.27% of all alleles, and only 13 alleles were dominant (P＞0.4), accounting for 37.71% of all alleles. Among populations the genetic identity of Nei's was 0.596 5 to 0.840 8 and the standard genetic distance (Ds) was from 0.173 5 to 0.524 7. Cluster analysis showed that 6 cattle breeds were clustered into three categories. Yunba cattle and Xuanhan cattle first got together, at the same time with the xizhen cattle gathered in a same class. Next Chiya cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle gathered for second class. At last, Shuxuan cattle was a category alone. The results of research showed that 12 pairs of microsatellite markers could be used for the analysis of genetic diversity of cattle in the Qin-Ba mountain area. The genetic diversity of cattle breeds in the Qin-Ba mountain area was rich, and the degree of breeding was also different. Although the geographical distribution pattern and the natural environment of 4 cattle breeds were similar, their genetic relationship was not close. It was confirmed that 4 cattle breeds were different varieties from different sources. This study provides the scientific basis for researching on the characteristics of genetic co adaptation, predicting heterosis, and formulating breeding strategies.
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Received: 27 July 2015
Published: 29 December 2015
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