|
|
Intestinal Microflora Dynamic Change, Serum Enzyme and Growth Performance of the Grass Carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) at Different Stages of Feeding Broad Bean(Vicia faba) |
|
|
Abstract To obtain scientific data for the healthful aquaculture of crisp grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus), intestinal microflora composition, serum enzyme and growth performance of grass carp at different stages of feeding broad bean(Vicia faba) were examined to assess the physiological and biochemical changes during the transformation from grass carp to crisp grass carp. During the different crisping stages (30, 60, 90 and 120 d) and the last stage of crisp grass carp taking artificial feed for 30 d(the 150 d), the changes in the composition of intestinal microflora, activity of serum enzyme and growth performance were analyzed. The results showed that, on 30 d, there was no significant difference of average weight between broad bean group and control group (P>0.05); 60~150 d, the average weight of grass carp feeding broad bean were lower than that of control group (P<0.05, P<0.01). On 30 and 60 d, the head kidney somatic index(HKBI) and hepatosomatic index(HSI) of broad bean group were not significantly different compared with the control group (P>0.05), which all lower than those of the control group (P<0.05 or P<0.01) of 90~120 d; There was no significant difference of HSI between broad bean group and control group (P>0.05) of 150 d. The activities of serum alkaline phosphatase, lysozyme and complement 3(C3)(except that of 30 d) of broad bean group were all lower than those of control group, but the activities of 3 enzymes rised after feeding crisp grass carp with artificial diet. Compared with the control group, the diversity of intestinal microflora of broad bean group decreased; The number of probiotics species including Cetobacterium, Bacillus and Eubacterium was diminishing and the number of opportunistic pathogens including Aeromonas veronii, A. sobria and Vibrio anguillarum increased in broad bean group. In addition, Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes and Fusobacteria were the dominant intestinal microflora of both groups. The results demonstrated that, with the increase of crisping time, broad bean gradually changed the composition of intestinal microflora and inhibited the activities of 3 serum enzymes and growth performance of grass carp; Composition of intestinal microflora and enzymes activities were found to be a recovering trend after feeding crisp grass carp with artificial diet for 30 d. It is presumed that the inhibited factors for the growth and immunity of crisp grass carp were probably the anti-nutritional substances from broad bean. This research will provide scientific data for the healthful aquaculture of crisp grass carp.
|
Received: 20 May 2014
Published: 13 January 2015
|
|
|
|
陈伟, 2009. 抗营养因子对牙鲆(Paralichthys Olivaceus)利用大豆蛋白源的影响[D], 博士学位论文. 中国海洋大学, 导师: 麦康森, pp. 81-85. (Chen W, 2009. Effects of antinutritional factors on the utilization of soybean proteins by Japanese flounder, Paralichthys olivaceus. Dissertation for Ph.D., Ocean University of China, Supervisor: Kang M S, pp. 81-85.)邝雪梅, 张环, 陈斌, 等. 2004. 草鱼脆化前后肌肉营养成分及其红细胞中葡萄糖-6-磷酸脱氢酶含量的比较[J]. 海南大学学报: 自然科学版, 22(3): 258-261. (Kuang X M, Zhang H, Chen B, et al. 2004. Comparison on the content of the nutrient composition in grass crap’s muscle and the glucose-6-phosphodehydrogenase in its erythrocyte from the beginning to the end of making grass crap’s meat crisp to the taste[J]. Natural Science Journal of Hainan University, 22(3): 258-261.)李宝山, 冷向军, 李小勤, 等. 2007. 投饲蚕豆对异育银鲫生长、肉质及肠道蛋白酶活力的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 19(5): 631-635. (Li B S, Leng X J, Li X Q, et al. 2007. Effect of feeding broad bean on the growth,flesh quality and protease activity of Allogynogenetic crucian carp[J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 19(5): 631-635.)李宝山, 冷向军, 李小勤, 等. 2008. 投饲蚕豆对不同规格草鱼生长、肌肉成分和肠道蛋白酶活性的影响[J]. 上海水产大学学报, 17(3): 310-315. (Li B S, Leng X J, Li X Q, et al. 2008. Efects of feeding broad bean on growth,muscle composition and intestine protease activity of diferent sizes of grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella[J]. Journal of Shanghai Fisheries University, 17(3): 310-315.)毛盼, 胡毅, 郇志利, 等. 2014. 投喂蚕豆饲料和去皮蚕豆饲料对草鱼生长性能、肌肉品质及血液生理生化指标的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 26(3): 803-811. (Mao P, Hu Y, Huan Z L, et al. 2014. Effects of feeding broad bean and dehulling broad bean diets on growth performance, muscle quality and blood physiological biochemical indices of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 26(3): 803-811.)倪语星,尚红, 主编, 2012. 临床微生物学与检验[M]. 人民卫生出版社, 中国, 北京. (Ni Y X and Shang H, ed., 2012. Clinical microbiology and inspection, People's Medical Publishing House, Beijing, China.)秦志清, 林建斌, 朱庆国, 等. 2012. 脆化专用饲料对罗非鱼生长和肌肉品质的影响[J]. 淡水渔业, 42(2): 84-87. (Qin Z Q, Lin J B, Zhu Q G, et al. 2012. Efects of feeding embrittlement feed on growth and flesh quality of Tilapia[J]. Freshwater Fisherie, 42(2): 84-87.)沈文英, 李卫芬, 梁权, 等. 2011. 饲料中添加枯草芽孢杆菌对草鱼生长性能、 免疫和抗氧化功能的影响[J]. 动物营养学报, 23(5): 881-886. (Shen W Y, Li W F, Liang Q, et al. 2011. Effects of dietary Bacillus subtilison growth performance, immunity and antioxidant function of grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) [J]. Chinese Journal of Animal Nutrition, 23(5): 881-886.)唐湘北,肖调义,彭正宁, 2004. 脆肉鲩血常规及血清游离氨基酸分析[J]. 内陆水产, 29(5): 36-37. (Tang X B, Xiao T Y and Peng Z, 2004. Analysis of blood routine and serum free amino acid of crisped grass carp[J]. Inland Fisheries, 29(5): 36-37.)谭乾开,黎华寿, 2006. 脆化草鱼(Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V)的病理生理生态学[J]. 生态学报, 26(8): 2749-2756. (Tan Q K and Li H S, 2006. Preliminary study on the ecology, physiology and pathology of crisped grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus C.et V) [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 26(8): 2749-2756.)吴凡, 文华, 蒋明, 等. 2008. 维生素B12对草鱼幼鱼生长、体组分和造血机能的影响[J]. 吉林农业大学学报, 29(6): 695-699. (Wu F, Wen H, Jiang M, et al. 2008. Efects of dietary vitamin B12 on growth, body composition and hemopoiesis of juvenile grass carp(Ctenopharyngodon idellus) [J]. Journal of Jilin Agricultural University, 29(6): 695-699.)郁二蒙, 毕香梅, 谢骏, 等. 2012. 摄食不同饵料草鱼肠道菌群PCR-DGGE指纹图谱构建及分子鉴定[J]. 生物技术通报, (9): 179-184. (Yu E M, Bi X M, Xie J, et al. 2012. Construction of PCR-DGGE gene fingrtprint and molecular cloning for the intestinal bacterial community in Ctenopharyngodon idellus[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, (9): 179-184.)Azaza M S, Wassim K, Mensi F, et al. 2009. Evaluation of faba beans (Vicia faba L. var. minuta) as a replacement for soybean meal in practical diets of juvenile Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus[J]. Aquaculture, 287(1): 174-179.Bates J M, Akerlund J, Mittge E, et al. 2007. Intestinal alkaline phosphatase detoxifies lipopolysaccharide and prevents inflammation in zebrafish in response to the gut microbiota[J]. Cell Host & Microbe, 2(6): 371-382.Bailey M T, Dowd S E, Parry N M, et al. 2010. Stressor exposure disrupts commensal microbial populations in the intestines and leads to increased colonization by Citrobacter rodentium[J]. Infection and Immunity, 78(4): 1509-1519.Blumberg R, Powrie F, 2012. Microbiota, disease, and back to health: a metastable journey[J]. Science Translational Medicine, 4(137): 137r.Chacon M R, Figueras M J, Castro-Escarpulli G, et al. 2003. Distribution of virulence genes in clinical and environmental isolates of Aeromonas spp[J]. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, 84(4): 269-278.Cai W Q, Li S F and Ma J Y, 2004. Diseases resistance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) and their hybrid (female Nile tilapia× male blue tilapia) to Aeromonas sobria[J]. Aquaculture, 229(1): 79-87.Francis G, Makkar H P and Becker K, 2001. Antinutritional factors present in plant-derived alternate fish feed ingredients and their effects in fish[J]. Aquaculture, 199(3): 197-227.Frans I, Michiels C W, Bossier P, et al. 2011. Vibrio anguillarum as a fish pathogen: virulence factors, diagnosis and prevention[J]. Journal of Fish Diseases, 34(9): 643-661.Gaber M M, 2006. Partial and complete replacement of fish meal by broad bean meal in feeds for Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus, L., fry[J]. Aquaculture Research, 37(10): 986-993.Hughes K P, 1998. Efficacy of phytase on phosphorus utilization in practical diets fed to striped bass Morone saxatilis[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition, 4(2): 133-140.Han S F, Liu Y C, Zhou Z G, et al. 2010. Analysis of bacterial diversity in the intestine of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) based on 16S rDNA gene sequences[J]. Aquaculture Research, 42(1): 47-56.Ichiki S, Kato-Unoki Y, Somamoto T, et al. 2012. The binding spectra of carp C3 isotypes against natural targets independent of the binding specificity of their thioester[J]. Developmental & Comparative Immunology, 38(1): 10-16.Ingerslev H, von Gersdorff J?rgensen L, Strube M L, et al. 2014. The development of the gut microbiota in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is affected by first feeding and diet type[J]. Aquaculture, 424-425(20): 24-34.Knuckles B E and Betschart A A, 1987. Effect of Phytate and Other Myo-inositol Phosphate Esters on α-Amylase Digestion of Starch[J]. Journal of Food Science, 52(3): 719-721.Kumar V, Sinha A K, Makkar H P S, et al. 2012. Phytate and phytase in fish nutrition[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition, 96(3): 335-364.Lin W L, Zeng Q X and Zhu Z W, 2009. Different changes in mastication between crisp grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus C. et V) and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idellus) after heating: The relationship between texture and ultrastructure in muscle tissue[J]. Food Research International, 42(2): 271-278.Mansfield G S, Desai A R, Nilson S A, et al. 2010. Characterization of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss) intestinal microbiota and inflammatory marker gene expression in a recirculating aquaculture system[J]. Aquaculture, 307(1): 95-104.Montet D, Le Nguyen D D and Kouakou A C, 2012. Determination of fish origin by using 16S rDNA fingerprinting of microbial communities by PCR-DGGE: An application on fish from different tropical origins[J]. Aquaculture, 93-108.Olmos J, Ochoa L, Paniagua-Michel J, et al. 2011. Functional feed assessment on Litopenaeus vannamei using 100% fish meal replacement by soybean meal, high levels of complex carbohydrates and Bacillus probiotic strains[J]. Marine drugs, 9(6): 1119-1132.Rengpipat S, Rukpratanporn S, Piyatiratitivorakul S, et al. 2000. Immunity enhancement in black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) by a probiont bacterium (Bacillus S11) [J]. Aquaculture, 191(4): 271-288.Rawls J F, Samuel B S and Gordon J I, 2004. Gnotobiotic zebrafish reveal evolutionarily conserved responses to the gut microbiota[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 101(13): 4596-4601.Reveco F E, ?verland M, Romarheim O H, et al. 2014. Intestinal bacterial community structure differs between healthy and inflamed intestines in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) [J]. Aquaculture, 420: 262-269.Sugita H, Miyajima C and Deguchi Y, 1991. The vitamin B12-producing ability of the intestinal microflora of freshwater fish[J]. Aquaculture, 92: 267-276.Shahsavani D, Mohri M and Kanani H G, 2010. Determination of normal values of some blood serum enzymes in Acipenser stellatus Pallas[J]. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, 36(1): 39-43.Tsuchiya C, Sakata T and Sugita H, 2008. Novel ecological niche of Cetobacterium somerae, an anaerobic bacterium in the intestinal tracts of freshwater fish[J]. Letters in applied microbiology, 46(1): 43-48. |
|
|
|